Personality: Flashcards
what is personality?
is the study of how and why people are different and similar to an individual level
what are the three main concepts of personality?
psychodynamic- Freud, Carl Jung
humanistic- Maslow, carl rogers
trait- Hans Eysnik and raymond cattell
what are Freud main three theories?
structural theory
defence mechanisms
psychosexual stages of development
what are the levels of consciousness?
unconscious 75%
precocious 15%
consious 10%
what is the structural theory?
Id, Ego and superego
what do defence mechanisms do for the id ego and superego?
used to unconsciously distort reality
reduce anxiety and inform more pleasurable emotions
what are some defence mechanisms?
repression
projection
denial
what are the 5 psychosexual stages of development?
oral anal phallic latency gential
what are fixations?
if passing all levels of development there will be no fixations
what are introversion extroversion and ambiversion?
introversion- stimulated through little amounts of human interaction
extroverts- require high amounts of stimulation through human interaction
ambiverts- require an equal amount of stimulation from both
what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
psychological
safety
love/ belonging
self-actualisation
transcendence
how was Maslow’s hierarch split into lower and higher needs?
lower- deficiency needs
higher- growth needs
what is the difference between transcendence and self-actualisation?
self-actualisation is the emotional peak of a human being
transcendence is when they use this knowledge to help other people trancend
who created client centred therapy and what does it entail?
carl rogers
supportive therapy
empathic understanding
support rather than intervention
what is the self-concept theory?
a congruence between self-image and ideal self
what is the trait perspective?
based on a relatively stable number of personality traits
what is Hans Eysnik’s personality test?
personality dimensions
neuroticism vs stability
extroversion vs introversion
psychoticism vs impulse control
what are the big 5 personality dimensions?
OCEAN openness contentiousness extroversion agreeableness neuroticism
what are four ways of assessing personality?
projective tests
self-reported inventories
interviews
behavioural
what is an example of a projective assessment?
inkblot test
what is the DSM-5? what are the three terms that must be abided in order to qualify?
identified 10 personality disorders
pervasive
inflexible
stable
how are the personality disorders organised within DSM-5?
cluster ABC
A- odd eccentric behaviour
B- dramatic erratic
C- fear of anxiety
what are some treatments for personality disorders?
CBT- learn new coping skills
dismiss negative thoughts
what is assertiveness training?
balance aggressiveness and being passive
changes unhelpful thinking and behavioural patterns
some personality disorders diable you to have a balance and lean toward one of the two extremes.
