Social class and educational attainment (external factors)

Question 1

Material deprivation - Marilyn Howard

Answer 1

• Inadequate housing
• Family pressures - no extra support
• Poor nutrition and health - affects concentration

Question 2

Material deprivation - Emily tanner

Answer 2

• Cost of educational equipment

* Growing private tuition

Question 3

Examples of cultural deprivation

Answer 3

• Deprived of language that would give cultural advantage
• Unable to go to museums, theatres and libraries
• No extra reading and help from parents
• Poor households don’t watch, read, eat, talk in ways to give cultural advantage

Question 4

Cultural deprivation - Barry Sugarman

Answer 4

Four features of working class culture which are detrimental in achievement:

1. Fatalism
2. Collectivism
3. Immediate gratification
4. Present time orientation

Question 5

Cultural deprivation - Basil Bernstein

Answer 5

Student speech codes:
1. Restricted code - simple and straightforward

2. Elaborated code - wider variety, more complex and expanded

Question 6

Cultural deprivation - Alice Sullivan

Answer 6

Measured impact of cultural deprivation in study and found that:

• Pupil cultural capital correlated with parental cultural capital which was closely linked with social class
• Graduate parents in higher profession had children with most cultural capital and were most successful in exams

Question 7

Cultural capital - Reay, David and Ball

Answer 7

Habitus - behaviours and instincts and expectations of a social group, to which individuals belong, derived from community lived in

Question 8

Pierre Bourdieu

Answer 8

Cultural capital and educational capital

Question 9

Sharon Gerwitz

Answer 9

Three types of parents called educational choosers:

1. Privileged-skilled choosers
2. Semi skilled choosers
3. Disconnected local choosers

Question 10

Evaluation

Leon Feinstein

Answer 10

Parental support-working class families support children in their learning so can do well
Wealthier families-have more of an advantage so can do better due to cultural capital