Ethnicity and educational attainment (External factors)

Question 1

External factors

Answer 1

• Cultural deprivation
• Material deprivation
• Racism in wider society
• Marginalisation
• New Right-Caribbean absent fathers

Question 2

The New Right

Answer 2

Caribbean absent fathers - many black boys lack male role model meaning they have no one to look up to and nothing to work towards

• Charles Murray argues high rate of lone parenthood and lack of positive male role models lead to underachievement

Question 3

Ken Pryce

Answer 3

Black inability to resist racism - see family structure as contributing to underachievement of black Caribbean pupils
Claims that Asian pupils are higher achievers because culture is more resistant to racism but black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism. This may cause low self esteem and underachievement. (Impact of colonisation)

Question 4

Driver and Ballard

Answer 4

Asian families - This type of family structure brings educational benefits as they have a more positive attitude towards education and have higher aspirations

Question 5

Tony Sewel

Answer 5

Fatherless black boys -

• Angels and Devils
• Consistently over represented in exclusion data
• Lure and Loathing of black boys

Question 6

John Rex

Answer 6

Shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens poverty faced by ethnic minority

Question 7

Andrew McCulloch

Answer 7

Ethnic minority students and aspiration

Greater educational aspiration among ethnic minority students