Ethnic subcultures and ethnic identities

Question 1

Tony Sewel

Answer 1

Responses and strategies black pupils to adopt to cope with racism. Study in boys’ secondary school and found that - black boys - ‘conformists’ and ‘innovators’, ‘retreatists’ and ‘rebels’

• Recognises that low aspirations and absence of fathers as role models

Question 2

Mairtin Mac and Ghail

Answer 2

Study of black and Asian ‘A’ level students at sixth form college. Students believed teachers had labelled then negatively but didn’t accept it. How they responded depended on factors such as ethnicity and gender.

Question 3

Mary Fuller

Answer 3

Black girls resisting negative labelling
Study of black year 11 girls of a London comprehensive school.
Instead of accepting negative label they channelled anger into pursuit of educational success. However they only conformed to the schoolwork.

Question 4

Heidi Mirza

Answer 4

Studied ambitious black girls who faced teacher racism. They failed to achieve their ambitions because coping strategies restricted opportunities.
Teachers discouraged them as well and found there were two types:
1. Liberal chauvinists - teachers who believe culturally deprived and have low expectations
2. The overt racists - believe blacks are inferior

Question 5

Louise Archer

Answer 5

Teachers discourses and the pupil identities they create:

1. The ideal pupil identity
2. The pathologised pupil identity
3. The demonised pupil identity