social class

Question 1

what did Bernsteins 1971 study involve

Answer 1

involved showing a group of children a strip cartoon and recording they account on what happened

Question 2

what did Bernstein find in his 1971 study

Answer 2

the difference in the use of restricted code and elaborated code in social classes

Question 3

what is restricted code

Answer 3

• carries a social message of inclusion
• using it assumes the person dressed is ‘one of us’
• everyone uses restricted code some of the time
• faster way of speaking
• used when there’s a shared knowledge
• informal situations

Question 4

what class only has accesses to restricted code according to Bernstein and what does it imply

Answer 4

working class
implies deficiency

Question 5

what is elaborated code

Answer 5

• spells everything out
• has to elaborate because circumstances won’t let speaker speak shorthand

Question 6

what class has accesses to restricted code and elaborated code according to Bernstein

Answer 6

Middle class

Question 7

what are the criticisms of Bernstein

Answer 7

• research was done in artificial situations
• old research when social conditions changed
• observers paradox
• later research found that working class speakers did use elaborated code in specific contexts

Question 8

what did Malcolm Petyt examine

Answer 8

he examined the dropping of /h/ at the beginning of words

Question 9

what did Petyt find

Answer 9

there is a close relationship between /h/ dropping and social class

Question 10

what did Petyt find in terms of social mobility

Answer 10

in instances of social mobility, speakers would modify their speech a bit towards received pronunciation and make less use of features such as /h/ dropping