SOCIAL CHANGES Flashcards
The legion of honour
 In 1802 Napoleon established the Legion of honour, to reward those who have served him well and shown their loyalty. It was a military and civil award, but most of those selected to receive it were chosen for the military service. 
Significance of legion of honour
The Legion of Honour symbolized Napoleon’s desire to create a merit-based system of recognition and loyalty among the people of France.
The imperial nobility
Education
- estate primary school was established in each commune run by local municipality and subject to inspection of sub-prefects
- Lycées to provide secondary education for boys aged 10-16
- Lycées were dear to napoleon’s heart because he saw these as a source of the empires, future military and civil personnel, he insured that they were run with military discipline and taught a curriculum that was modern and they were secular and offered Science.
In March 1808 the imperial University was established. The role of this was to act as a supervisory rather than a teaching ensure that all education come to certain standards.
What was the imperial university responsible for ?
– Teacher training, appointments and promotions
– All staff were required to give an oath of loyalty and obedience
– The setup of new schools
– The curriculum was standardised for both state and private schools standardisation extended down to the individual lessons and various military features were demanded including uniforms marching and music
- School inspections and annual reports to Napoleon 
Attitudes towards women
- Napoleon was a traditionalist in his attitude towards women
- His personal behaviour reflects his public view that women were designed and destined for marriage
- Napoleon did Little to fulfil the revolutionary ideals of liberty and equality as far as women were concerned
- For example, if a woman had control over immovable property and we sell or make profit from it. She had to pay one third of the income into a joint-asset pool to share with her husband.
- divorce also remained unfair husband was to commit adultery. It did not qualify for divorce. However if the wife was to commit adultery, it did qualify for divorce.
- Although women may have had some gains in the Napoleonic France such as being granted more control over their own property when they married, they still fell short in terms of female equality
Significance of censorship and propaganda
By censoring newspapers and other forms of media, Napoleon aimed to suppress dissent and promote his policies without opposition. Additionally, through propaganda, he crafted a positive image of himself and his regime, influencing how the public perceived him and his actions. These tactics helped Napoleon maintain power and control during his rule.
- Napoleon wanted to be portrayed as a man who was drinking order of chaos and a chaos that had been a product of too much liberty
The church and Concordat
- By reconciling with the church, Napoleon could control cooperative priest who teachings with the courage, acceptance and obedience.
- In December 1799 Napoleon decreed that churches could be open any day of the week and in July 1800 he wants again authorised that Sunday should be a day of rest
- The accession of a new pope. Pope Pius VII in 1800 provided an excuse for a reconciliation
- negotiations led to an agreement in July 1801 which was released on the 15th July 1801 with the Catholic Church.
What did the concordat include ?
- The pope was recognised at the head of of the catholic
- Catholicism was recognised as the religion of the
- Catholic worship was to be freely available
- The Pope recognised the new regime in France and promised not to attempt to reclaim church lands
- bishops and clergy continue to be nominated by the First consul
Significance of the Concordat
The concordat is often hailed as a great triumph for Napoleon, it helped win over uncertain royalists.
It helped Napoleon retain authority over the appointment of bishops and clergy was also a coup for the Emperor since it provided him with useful network of loyal clerics who would spread propaganda and behaviour
After the concordat
- Refractory priests came out of hiding, France moved back to the Christian calendar.
- Napoleon‘s relationship with the pope steadily deteriorated this was partly because of French ambitions in Italy but also because the way Napoleon treated the Pope. The Pope was humiliated at Napoleon’s coronation 1804, he was also ignored when in 1806 Napoleon issued an official Catholic Church catechism to be taught in schools, this included statements of respect obedience and loyalty to Napoleon and referred to the Emperor as the agent of God’s power.
French troops occupied rome in 1809, Napoleon in prison the pope and annexed the states to his new kingdom of Italy . Old tensions to resurface.
