Social Burden of Disease Flashcards
Factors that influence prevalence
Incidence
Mortality
Cumulative incidence
Percentage of individuals in a population who develop a condition at a given time past time t.
Incidence density
aka incidence rate
- # of new cases per unit time
- Most often in person-years
DALYs
Disability adjusted life years
A function of YLL (years of life lost due to early death) and YLD (yeras lived with disability due to condition)
Calculated as the sum of YLL and YLD
YLL
YLL = # of deaths * (life expectancy - age of death)
YLD
YLD = # of people * avg duration * disability weight
sometimes calculated as
YLD = prevalence * disability weight
Where disability weight is somewhat arbitrary and subjective
The disability weight
- 0 = healthy and no morbidity
- 0 = death or equivalent to death
By far the largest cause of morbidity and mortality in the US
Ischemic heart disease
Roughly twice the next largest cause
Top 5 causes of morbidity and mortality in the US, in order
- Ischemic heart disease
- COPD
- Lower back pain
- Cancer of the respiratory tract
- Major depressive disorder
Where road-traffic injury falls in the ranked causes of morbidity and mortality
No. 9
Where drug use disorder falls in the ranked causes of morbidity and mortality
No. 10
Three main drivers of rapid change in global health
Demographic changes
Changes in disease mortality
Changes in disease morbidity
What ails most persons is not necessarily . . .
what kills them
Hyperendemic
>50% of the population
Mesoendemic
10-50% of the population
