International Healthcare Systems Flashcards
Canada: What is covered and what isn’t?
All medically necessary care including maternity care and infertility treatment.
Except perscription medications, dental, and optometry.
70% public spending
30% private spending
In Canada, healthcare spending decisions are made at the ___ level.
In Canada, healthcare spending decisions are made at the province level.
Canadian healthcare system name
Medicare
Most Canadian citizens have ___ to supplement their public healthcare.
Most Canadian citizens have private insurance to supplement their public healthcare.
Canadian healthcare wait times
Not substantially longer than in the US with the exception of elective operations, despite what people say. The reason people think the US is better is just because the US doesn’t often report its wait times and so there is not usually a point of comparison.
French healthcare system name
Social Security
Everyone in France must. . .
Everyone in France must pay for mandatory health insurance
French healthcare options
5 options, all non-profit, with one alone covering 85% of all French citizens (the General plan).
All have pretty much the same benefits and the same reimbursement. The only people who don’t have insurance are those who don’t work and aren’t covered by another system, and these people are covered by a separate tax-funded program which reimburses better than these other plans.
Covers ~80-85% of total healthcare costs in France.
Where does funding for French healthcare come from?
~1/3 payroll taxes
~1/3 income taxes
~1/3 tobacco, alcohol, and transfer from other branches of social security program
How is the coverage for the French healthcare system?
Extremely wide, with large benefits for maternity care, childcare, and even things like homeopathy.
French private insurance market
Does exist, and covers ~90% of citizens. Covers many of the costs the French government program does not (~15-20% of total costs)
~70% of French primary care physicians are ___.
~70% of French primary care physicians are self employed.
Just goes to show that the French system is not socialized medicine.
Most people in France pay ___ for healthcare.
Most people in France pay very little compared to other countries for healthcare.
French out-of-pocket maximum from government programs
50 Euros/year
In France, co-pays are regulated by ___.
In France, co-pays are regulated by sickness.
People with chronic conditions have all co-pays waived.
The French healthcare system stands out among international systems on two metrics:
- Quality
- Patient satisfaction
French health expenditure in terms of GDP is. . .
. . . near the highest in the world.
It comes in 3rd, 2nd being Netherlands, and 1st being United States.
Healthcare spending breakdown in Singapore
1/3 public
2/3 private
Singapore “tiered” healthcare system
Tiers: A, B1, B2+, B2, C
If you choose A, you get your own private room and doctor of your choice, but you pay everything out-of-pocket
If you choose C, you stay on a ward with 8 other patients and have an assigned physician, but almost everything is paid for you
Singapore health savings accounts
All workers are mandated to put a certain portion of their earnings into savings accounts for their future. For those under 50, the number is 20% of earnings matched by 16% from employers.
Accounts include: An ordinary account (for home, pay for life insurance, pay for education), A special account (for retirement and investment), and a Medisave account (for healthcare costs and approved healthcare insurance programs).
Singapore’s Medisave
Accounts for about 7-9.5% of earnings, earns interest at rate set by government, and has a cap at $43,500.
Once this cap is reached, the savings may be diverted into special or general accounts.
Marriage and Parenthood Package
In Singapore. To encourage people to have kids.
You get $6,000 cash for each of your first 2 children, and $8,000 for your third and fourth children.
The gov’t will also match savings in a child development account up to a certain maximum.
Medishield
Singapore’s catastrophic illness program
While not mandatory, over 90% of population is covered. Very cheap, from $33 annual premiums for a 29 year old to $372 annual premiums for a 69 year old.
Kicks in following decuctible and co-insurance payments.
Annual benefit limit: $50,000
Lifetime benefit limit: $200,000
Medifund
Singapore’s safety net program
Only citizens eligible, only covers Class C wards, and only available after Medisave and Medishield funding has been exhausted for the year.
