Social Behaviour 2

Question 1

4 costs of living together

Answer 1

Competition for food
Parasitism
Competition for mates
Higher predator viability

Question 2

Parent offspring conflicts (4)

Answer 2

• chicks try to influence the way parents distribute food by begging
• beg more vigorously when nest mates less closely related
• harassment (adult male harasses sons to prevent them from having chicks to help parents raise their chicks)
• siblicide (oldest kills next chick and parent doesn’t stop it because with low resources they can only raise 1 chick to sexual maturity)

Question 3

4 benefits of living together

Answer 3

Protection Against predators
Exploitation of larger food items
Grooming
Confusing predators

Question 4

Eusociality 3 defining characteristics

Answer 4

• overlap in generations
• cooperative brood care
• specialized castes of non-reproductive individuals

Question 5

4 hypotheses for why eusociality evolved

Answer 5

• haplodiploidy
• lifetime monogamy
• ecology
• life history

Question 6

Haplodiplopoidy

Answer 6

• males develop fro, unfertilized eggs

- females develop from fertilized eggs so more closely related to their sisters than offspring

Question 7

Lifetime monogamy

Answer 7

When an individual is sure that future siblings will be full, sibling increases inclusive fitness as much as offspring

Question 8

Ecology

Answer 8

Patchy distribution of resources that need to be defended or has a high cost for dispersal

Question 9

Life history

Answer 9

Long term parental investment (complex nests)

Question 10

Reciprocal altruism

Answer 10

Sacrifice for recipient who is expected to return favour later , mostly just with individuals who see each other many times. Punishment if the individual doesn’t do their part