Linkage 2

Question 1

4 causes of linkage disequilibrium

Answer 1

1. Physical linkage
2. Selection on multilocus genotypes
3. Genetic drift
4. Population admixture

Question 2

Physical linkage

Answer 2

Loci are physically linked together

Question 3

Selection on multilocus genotypes

Answer 3

If a predator kill something with less than 3 capital letters than the lowercase letters won’t ever be together

Question 4

Genetic drift

Answer 4

Mutation only happens at one point so Ab and AB and are together but not ab

Question 5

Population admixture

Answer 5

When populations with specific traits mix and the traits seem linked but it’s just because of what their ancestors had. Ex in Asia black hair and brown eyes usually but in North America we can see it’s not linked cause colours mix

Question 6

4 bad effects of linkage disequilibrium

Answer 6

1. Associative overdominance
2. Background selection
3. Genetic hitchhiking
4. Selective sweep

Question 7

Associative overdominance

Answer 7

Heterozygote advantage due to negative effect at linked loci
Deleterious alleles are not easily eliminated

Question 8

Background selection

Answer 8

Decrease of frequency of neutral or slightly beneficial allele bc of a deleterious allele at linked locus
High fitness alleles may not spread and genetic variation might decline

Question 9

Genetic hitchhiking

Answer 9

Increase in frequency of a slightly deleterious allele bc linked to beneficial allele
Deleterious mutation might be fixed in pop if linked to best chromosome in population

Question 10

Selective sweep

Answer 10

Reduction or elimination of variation due to strong/human selection

Question 11

How to reduce linkage disequilibrium

Answer 11

Recombination mixes alleles among haplotypes