Social Approach Flashcards
Ecological validity in Milgrams study
High -sample 45v shock -pps believe real (supported by qual data, nervous laugh etc) Low -lacks mundane realism -not everyday task
What qualitative data was collected in Milgrams study?
Observation of pps reaction
- nervous laugh
- sweat
- trembling
- stuttering
What quantitative data was collected in Milgrams study?
How many dropped out at each stage
- 65% went to 450
- 100% went to 300v
What practical applications can we made from Milgrams findings
- educate on the danger of obedience
- use to teach people to follow morals
What was the aim of Milgrams study?
“Germans are diff hypoth”
-Americans will respond to an authority figure to harm others in a similar way to the germans in WW2
What method was used in Milgrams study
Controlled observation
Snapshot
Describe milgrams sample
20-50 year old males
Any occupation
Volunteer sample advertised in newspaper
(Students not allowed)
What was the IV in Milgrams study?
NONE as structured observation
What was the DV in Milgrams study and how was it measured?
Level of obedience
- num of pps to drop out at each stage
- level of shock given
What controls were made in Milgams study?
Standardised procedure
4 standard prompts
1 standard response
What was the standard response in Milgrams study given by the experimenter?
Although the shocks are painful they cause no permanent tissue damage
What were the 4 standard prompts used by the experimenter in Milgrams study?
1) please continue
2) the exp requires that you continue
3) it’s absolutely essential that you cont
4) you have no other choice your must go in
What changes could be made to Milgrams study?
1) Improve ethics \+inform pps of true aim \+relieve stress, no long term damage -demand characteristics -social desirability
2)include women
+more representative/generalisable
-lower validly, doesn’t fit aim “germans are diff” as german soldiers=men not women
What reaction did the learner show in Milgrams study when a 300v shock was given?
Banging on the wall
What reaction did the learner show in Milgrams study when a 345v shock was given?
No response
What ethical issues occurred in Milgrams study?
Deception
-pps believed tests of memory
-unaware they gave fake shock
-believed allocation of teacher/learner was random but rigged lottery
Protection
-pps may have felt guilt for giving shocks
What was the aim of reicher and haslams study?
Study the way people respond to a system of inequality (tyranny) Do they accept or resist
R&H was a
Experimental case study with 3 IV’s
The IV’s in R&H were..
1) permeability
2) legitimacy
3) cognitive alternatives
The DV in R&H was
social organisational & clinical variables Measured using triangular data •daily swabs •video recording •psychometric test
What controls were made in R&H
Standardised
•clothing
•environment
•inter-rater reliability
Practical applications of R&H
Power of groups Tyranny not inevitable Consequence of group dynamics Aired on TV Surveillance may reduce reduce abuse of power
Ecological validity in R&H
Lacks as prisoners aware roles not real
Aired on tv- social desire ability
High
pps sufficiently involved
Pps Showed true emotion
Ethics in R&H
3 day screening with consent forms
2 inde clinical psychologists
5 inde ethics committee monitored
Ended on day 8 after concerns
Quan and qual data in R&H
Psycho test& cortisol levels =quan
Video recordings =qual
R&H was a
Longitudinal CS
Additional eval of R&H
+generalisable (sample reflect target p)
+high validity(quan/qual/unable to fake cortisol)
-lack eco validty
-low reliability (cs so unable to repeat due to uncontrolled variables)
Changes to R&H
1) include females
2) not air it on tv
R&H sample
Volunteer •332 men applied •15 men picked after 3 phase screening •5 groups of 3 •matched on personality •1 guard:2prisoners
Describe 3 phase screening
Psychometric test measuring social&clinical variables e.g dominance anxiety
Weekend assessment by inde psycho
Medical and police checks
