social and cultural influence on development of rational recreation (1780-1900) Flashcards
what were 4 key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport
there was a Lack of space, This led to the
development of purpose built facilities (football grounds)
• Large working class population: urbanisation means a large working class population that needed entertaining, resulting in mass spectator numbers
• Change in working conditions: as the situation improved it meant more free time so sport attendance and participation increased.
• Loss of traditional sports: many working class traditional sports such as mob games were banned in civilised urban society.
in the first half of the ninetieth century what were some effects that negatively impacted sport
migration of the lower class into urban areas, lack of leisure time, lack of income, lack of public provision, poor health, loss of rights
in the second half of the nineteenth century what are 6 factors that positively affected sport
Gradual increase in wages and more time for sport,Health and hygiene improved,Transport and communication, industrial patronage, values of athleticism and development of the new middle class
why did NGBs have to develop
more teams and clubs were being formed, more national and international fixtures, leagues and competitions were required for the many new teams to compete in, nationally agreed rules to enable fair competition
reasons for public provisions to develop the sporting society
gained prestige for the local area depending on their facilities, increased social control of the working class(using the provisions instead of smoking and drinking), increased personal hygiene and health, increased morale and productivity of workers
how did increased communication benefit sport
society became more literate so rules(complex rules were written down and were understandable) developments in printed media(increased knowledge and awareness e.g information on fixtures and results of matches) and printed publicity(development of role models and reporting heroes and match reports)
why did the did the church promote sport in the post industrial era
sport encouraged social control and venues for (improving the morality of the working class through muscular christianity), sport was a good way of promoting christian values, healthy body/mind link, clergy used it as an opportunity to increase church attendance
what opportunities did the church provide
organised teams and set up clubs and competitions for the working class to participate in rationalised sporting activities, provided facilities to play sport in their church halls and fields, church groups were formed(YMCA, the boys brigade)
how did the emergence of the middle class contribute to development of sport
they contributed to the development of codification/organising/running clubs and events. They also had involvement in factory, uni, school, church teams and developed leagues and comps. middle class philanthropists and factory owners developed public provisions.
how did teachers and factory owners contribute to the development of sport
school teams were developed using transitional sporting values to teach leadership and respect for those who wanted to take part in the british empire. factory owners created teams of their own, gave workers time off to play nationally or internationally keeping workers healthy and solidarity between them
how did the clergy and officers in the army contribute to the development of sport
clergy developed church teams and they spread sports to the countries they worked at. sport was downtime for officers in the army and they would also play sports in the countries they colonised(such as introducing india to cricket in 1700s)
for factory workers how did they have provision through factories
towards the end of the 1800s they had better wages and better health. they had saturday half day allowing teams to play on the saturday and they had sufficient income to pay to spectate in saturday afternoon games. they were also compensated for missing work in order to play.
what about transport, in developing sport
train tickets were now cheap meaning workers of all classes could travel to watch their sporting heroes and teams. leagues formed and nationwide train travel meant they could play against other areas/nationwide fixtures to watch or play in
