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Soci 301-Sociology of Gender > Soci 301-Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Soci 301-Lecture 4 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

socialization

A

-lifelong process of becoming normal

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2
Q

Why is socialization important?

A

-have to transfer babies into functioning adults

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3
Q

primary socialization

A

-socialization that happens in the first 5 years

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4
Q

instincts

A

-hard-wired behavioral responses to environmental stimulus

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5
Q

Can normal development be accelerated?

A

-not greatly

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6
Q

social learning theory

A

-learn gender through observation and interaction

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7
Q

reinforcement

A

-rewarding or punishing specific behaviors

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8
Q

modeling

A

-organism learns by observing and imitating

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9
Q

cognitive development theory

A

-process is self-socialization

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10
Q

gender constancy

A

-at age five or six years of age children become aware that their gender is permanent and unchanging

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11
Q

gender schema theory

A

-schema to understand masculine and feminine

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12
Q

schema

A

-active mental thinking structures

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13
Q

identity construction theory

A

-gendered self is a lifelong activity

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14
Q

What is the most important agent of socialization in all societies?

A

-the family

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15
Q

List two of the four socialization agents in societies?

A

-the school, the peer group, the mass media, the workplace.

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16
Q

relationship

A

-condition of being related

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17
Q

proximity

A

-physical closeness between individuals

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18
Q

What are the two proximity variables?

A

1) Institutional structures

2) Personal Characteristics

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19
Q

institutional structures

A

-these structures make it easier or harder to meet

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20
Q

personal characteristics

A

-influence choice of activities

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21
Q

eligibility

A

-acceptable partners

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22
Q

marriage squeeze

A

-men are older, better educated, better status or make more money

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23
Q

What is the mate selection process?

A

-processing for selecting a partner

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24
Q

dating

A

-process to provide experience to select a partner

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25
Q

How long has “dating” been around?

A

-World War I

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26
Q

What are some of the functions of dating?

A

-recreation; socialization; partner selection

27
Q

principle of least interest

A

-the person who is least interested has more power

28
Q

family

A

-location and connection

29
Q

household

A

-people are living together, but they are not related

30
Q

key function of the family

A

-a small kinship-structured group that nurtures and socializes the young

31
Q

nuclear family

A

-parent(s) and their dependent children

32
Q

extended family

A

-any family that is not nuclear family

33
Q

How common are extended families?

A

-90% of the world’s cultures

34
Q

marriage

A

-some form of legal or social connection between people that involves rights and sexual activity

35
Q

cohabitation

A

-couple’s living together without being legally married

36
Q

What are the three norms relating to marriage?

A
  • religious (sacred); social; individual
37
Q

sacred norm (marriage)

A

-institution that’s sacred says you are married

38
Q

social norm (marriage)

A

-married when the state says you are married

39
Q

individual norm (marriage)

A

married when you feel you are married

40
Q

What are Edmund Leach’s different kinds of rights (5) allocated by marriage?

A
  1. marriage can establish the legal father of a woman’s children and the legal mother of a man’s
  2. marriage can give either or both spouses a monopoly in the sexuality of the other
  3. marriage can give either or both spouses rights to the labor of the other
  4. marriage can give either or both spouses rights over the other’s property
  5. marriage can establish a socially significant “relationship of affinity” between spouses and their relatives
41
Q

What are the four marital structures?

A
  • owner-property
  • head-complement
  • senior partner/junior partner
  • equal partners
42
Q

polygamy

A

-having more than one spouse at a time

43
Q

polygyny

A

-several wives share a husband

44
Q

polyandry

A

-several husbands share a wife

45
Q

sororate marriage

A
  • widower marrying one of his deceased wife’s sisters
46
Q

levirate marriage

A

-widow marrying one of her deceased husband’s brothers

47
Q

total fertility rate

A

-average number of children born while a woman is able to conceive (between the ages of 15 and 49)

48
Q

divorce

A

-legal dissolution of a marriage

49
Q

divorce rates

A

-significant upward trend

50
Q

common-law union

A

-legally married-like

51
Q

two other alternates to a nuclear family

A

-step family; blended family

52
Q

step family

A

-one spouse brings in a child

53
Q

blended family

A

-both spouses bring in children

54
Q

Is a sexual division of labor a rare idea?

A
  • no, been found in many societies
55
Q

Can the sexual division of labor be explained simply because of male strength, expendability, or female reproductive biology?

A
  • no, there is more going on

- social factors are involved

56
Q

compatibility-with-child-care theory

A

-because women can make babies, their biology ties them to all the nurture things associated with child care

57
Q

economy-of-effort theory

A

-because she is making babies, doing child care, tasks at home become women’s work

58
Q

strength theory

A

-because boys are bigger and stronger society gives strength based tasks to boys

59
Q

expendability theory

A

-only need one man to make babies so other men are expendable

60
Q

flexible/integrated pattern

A

-boys and girls do a third of work separately, the other third they can both do.

61
Q

balanced complementarity approach

A

-There is boy stuff and girl stuff but no prestige

62
Q

the sexually segregated pattern

A

-work is rigidly defined

63
Q

kin

A

-people are related, but not living together

64
Q

key function of the family

A

-making and raising babies

Soci 301-Sociology of Gender (6 decks)

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