Soci 301-Lecture 3

Question 1

foraging (hunting and gathering

Answer 1

-food collecting

Question 2

What is the foundation that the economic system used by foragers based on?

Answer 2

-the division of labor by gender

Question 3

Who often contributes the most calories to the society?

Answer 3

-the women

Question 4

gender equality

Answer 4

-system that supports the autonomy of both women and men

Question 5

egalitarianism

Answer 5

-equality of humanity

Question 6

Is there usually a connection between the interdependence of women and men and an equality in social relationships?

Answer 6

-yes, foragers

Question 7

Who are the Ju/’hoansi and where are they found?

Answer 7

-foragers who live in southern Africa

Question 8

As a generalization, what is the environment like where they are found?

Answer 8

• inhospitable for people

Question 9

What has been some of the history of contact for the Ju/’hoansi with imperializing groups?

Answer 9

-Bantu and Europeans since the 1920s

Question 10

How big are the Ju/’hoansi camps?

Answer 10

-20 to 50 people

Question 11

What form of kinship do the Ju/’hoansi use?

Answer 11

-Inuit kinship

Question 12

Among foragers how are subsistence activities allocated?

Answer 12

-by gender

Question 13

How do Ju/Hoansi men and women spend their time and energy?

Answer 13

-men – hunting; women – domestic activities

Question 14

Other than the meat, what is the key contribution gained from men’s hunting?

Answer 14

-hunting binds society together

Question 15

Is leadership gendered?

Answer 15

• it is amorphous or generalized

Question 16

What is the nature of Ju/’hoansi marriage practices?

Answer 16

-mixed

Question 17

pastoralism

Answer 17

-earn living by looking after animals

Question 18

Who are the Ariaal and where are they found?

Answer 18

-pastoral society in northern Kenya

Question 19

What makes the Ariaal different than the other closely related peoples in the area like the Samburu, Rendille, and the Maasai?

Answer 19

-they use more animals than the other groups

Question 20

age grade

Answer 20

• general category

- for example: teenagers or pensioners

Question 21

age set

Answer 21

• named grouping
• age cohort that defines you/follows you through life

-for example: baby boomers or millennials

Question 22

Can the Ariaal survive the recent outside contact and development?

Answer 22

-not as pastoralists

Question 23

How are social and economic roles allocated among the Ariaal?

Answer 23

-gender and age

Question 24

Do the women actually play an important economic role among the Ariaal?

Answer 24

-yes, it is crucial

Question 25

What form of marriage is practiced among the Ariaal?

Answer 25

-polygyny

Question 26

Do Ariaal women have political power?

Answer 26

-no, virtually powerless

Question 27

horticulture

Answer 27

-working of small plots of land

Question 28

domestication

Answer 28

-raising plants/animals being used for human use

Question 29

agricultural revolution

Answer 29

-development of crops and animals as food

Question 30

Who are the Haida and where are they found?

Answer 30

-horticulturalists living on the BC coast

Question 31

How was Haida society organized?

Answer 31

-ranked matrilineal clans

Question 32

potlatch

Answer 32

-a ceremonial feast to display wealth

Question 33

totem

Answer 33

-object serving ceremonial purposes

Question 34

totem pole

Answer 34

-ceremonial carved tree

Question 35

What is the Haida approach to gender?

Answer 35

-egalitarian

Question 36

How were economic activities organized among the Haida?

Answer 36

-by gender

Question 37

Did the Haida have a sharp gender distinction in the potlatch gifting?

Answer 37

-no, there was gender equality

Question 38

Did the Haida prefer to have boys or girls?

Answer 38

-both

Question 39

How did inheritance work among the Haida?

Answer 39

• gendered
  
  1. women: inherited from their mothers
  2. men: inherited from their mother’s brother

Question 40

When did women lose their role as primary cultivators?

Answer 40

-as horticulture moved into agriculture

Question 41

Why did women lose their role as primary cultivators?

Answer 41

-tasks required greater physical strength

Question 42

What happened for the first time in history (when horticulture developed into agriculture)?

Answer 42

-women were cut off from getting food

Question 43

In the change to agriculture, how did changes in kinship and post-marital residence patterns hurt women?

Answer 43

-stopped women from being treated similarly to men

Question 44

Did the change in work place happen in isolation?

Answer 44

-no, ideologies developed to support it

Question 45

agriculture

Answer 45

large scale raising domesticated crops

Question 46

resilience

Answer 46

-how much can you change it before it stops being the first thing

Question 47

stability

Answer 47

-what can you do to it before it falls over

Question 48

intensive agriculture

Answer 48

-high energy investment in growing things

Question 49

What was the key relationship in a traditional Chinese family?

Answer 49

-father and son

Question 50

What was the focus of male identity in the traditional Chinese family?

Answer 50

-relations to the dead and living

Question 51

What was the biggest threat to the traditional rural Chinese family?

Answer 51

-not having a son

Question 52

What was the position of marriage in a traditional Chinese family?

Answer 52

-bringing a child bearer into the household

Question 53

What was the role of gender in traditional China?

Answer 53

-subordinating one-half of the population

Question 54

Was infanticide practiced in traditional China?

Answer 54

-yes, importance of having a male child

Question 55

How were marriages organized in China?

Answer 55

-arranged

Question 56

What was the role of love and sexuality in traditional Chinese husband/wife relationships?

Answer 56

-irrelevant

Question 57

What was the position on divorce in traditional China?

Answer 57

-virtually unheard of