socail facilitation

Question 1

social facilitation

Answer 1

the positive effect of the presence of others on performance

Question 2

social inhibition

Answer 2

the negative effect of the presence of others on performance

Question 3

audience

Answer 3

those who just watch the event

Question 4

co-actors

Answer 4

those who are doing the same task but are not involved in direct competition

Question 5

competitive co-actors

Answer 5

those in direct competition with the performer e.g. opponents

Question 6

social reinforcers

Answer 6

those who have a direct influence on the event e.g. a coach

Question 7

evaluation apprehension

Answer 7

the perceived fear of being judged which has a negative impact on performance

Question 8

dominent response

Answer 8

• the stand-out response that the performer thinks is correct
• typically performers revert back to their dominant response when their arousal levels are heightened

Question 9

what does zajonc’s model suggest

Answer 9

that 4 types of ‘others’ may be present during performance and these can be categorised as passive or interactive

Question 10

what are passive others

Answer 10

do not interact with the performer but have an effect by being present;
1. audience - people just watching
2. co-actors - people who are performing the same skill at the same time but not against you

Question 11

what are interactive others

Answer 11

communicate directly with you and include;
1. competitive co-actors - the opposition
2. social reinforcers - crowd making noise.

Question 12

what are the likely effects of an audience?

Answer 12

• increase arousal levels
• this will impact the performer differently depending on experience level , the skill being performed (eg. simple or complex,) and whether the skill is gross or fine (gross likely to be benefited)

Question 13

factors affecting evaluation apprehension

Answer 13

1. if the audience is knowledgable = more nervous
2. if significant others are watching = more nervous
3. if the performer naturally has high trait anxiety
4. if the performer has low self-confidence
5. if audience is supportive/abusive

Question 14

strategies to combat social inhibition

Answer 14

1. familiarisation training - allow audience to watch when training
2. Increase self-efficacy
3. practice skill until they are grooved/overlearned
4. use selective attention to improve focus

other cognitive strategies;
mental rehearsal, visualisation, imagery, positive self-talk

coach could;
decrease importance of the task, offer encouragement/reinforcement, slowly introduce evaluation in training