arousal Flashcards
arousal
the state of general preparedness of the body for action, involving physiological and psychological factors
physiological (somatic) effects of increased arousal
- increased heart rate
- increased breathing rate
- sweating
- headache
- cold, clammy hands
- constant need to urinate
psychological (cognitive) effects of increased arousal
- increased focus and concentration
- heightened awareness of important cues in the environment
- narrowing of attention, excluding irrelevant stimuli
- decreased reaction time
high cognitive arousal leads to…
- anxiety
- tension
- negative self talk
- difficulties sleeping
- inability to concentrate
causes of increased arousal
- evaluation apprehension
- attentional Narrowing
- frustration
- effects of an audience - proximity of a crowd, interactive crowd
- competitive state anxiety
factors that influence the point of optimal arousal
- experience
- personality
- task difficulty
drive theory
as arousal increases so does performance
P = f(D x H)
performance is a function of drive multiplied by habit
dominant response
the stand-out response that the performer thinks is correct
inverted-U theory
theory linking arousal and performance by stating that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point at moderate levels of arousal
catastrophe theory
theory suggesting that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there is a dramatic reduction in performance when arousal increases beyond the optimal
dominant response of an expert…
likely to be correct so they can produce a high level of performance at high arousal
dominant response of a beginner…
need to operate at a low level of arousal since they would be uncomfortable under pressure
extrovert personailities
perform best at high arousal
introvert personalities
perform best at low arousal
