SOC388 - 7. Becker/Garfinkel

Question 1

Becker

Answer 1

pragmatism

Question 2

Labeling Theory

Answer 2

used to think there’s an inherent disposition toward deviance
once we attach label, we treat them as a deviant and will act deviant

Question 3

Meaning

Answer 3

learn to associate effects of smoking with pleasure of smoking
first we have to learn how to properly smoke it
learn to recognize the effects and connect it to drug use

Question 4

Meaning

Answer 4

nothing inherent in why people become marijuana user
meaning is created through our conversation of gestures in interaction
symbolic interactionism: people have to point to meaning

Question 5

Experience

Answer 5

learn that playing sports is a pleasurable experience regardless of outcome

Question 6

Experience

Answer 6

there’s physical reactions which lead to positive sensations

associate physical reactions with pleasurable experience

Question 7

Experience

Answer 7

there’s two ways of learning meanings: told by others and by observation
shopping: associate positive feeling with buying something new

Question 8

Experience

Answer 8

we have to identify them as positive, point to them for ourselves

Question 9

Interaction

Answer 9

how we learn meanings of things and experiences

Question 10

Garfinkel

Answer 10

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Question 11

Ethnomethodology

Answer 11

“study of set of common sense knowledge and range of procedures and considerations whereby people makes sense of find their way about in and act in situations they are part of”

Question 12

Ethnomethodology

Answer 12

1967 - new way of studying

reflexively – we don’t think about it – reflex

Question 13

Ethnomethodology

Answer 13

members shape action in relation to context while the context itself is constantly being redefined through action
social order ongoing (constantly maintaining) practical (actions) accomplishment (something we accomplish)

Question 14

Ethnomethodology

Answer 14

criticism of traditional mainstream sociology – didn’t take everyday life seriously
we have to study everyday life as opposed to seeing social order as context to explain something else

Question 15

Ethnomethodology

Answer 15

traditional sociologists took everyday life for granted

Blumer and Garfinkel says we need to explain social order and everyday life

Question 16

Ethnomethodology

Answer 16

We had to study people
Tries to explain common sense
Argued against micro and macro – distinction wrong and misleading

Question 17

Ethnomethodology

Answer 17

Can’t easily distinguish between macro and micro

Even macro structures are still that things we accomplish through ongoing practices

Question 18

Ethnomethodology

Answer 18

Blumer: distinction betw external and internal factors is misleading, both are maintained
Macro structures are not prior to our experience, they wouldn’t exist if we didn’t take actions to maintain them
Micro structures are the same way

Question 19

Institutional Settings

Answer 19

How ppl perform tasks in institutions shape institutions themselves
Call centre is nothing without ppl who answer phone calls in a particular way

Question 20

Institutional Settings

Answer 20

Micro behaviours of people who work there that constitute the call centres
Don’t look at external forces such as rules, procedures, but what people do there

Question 21

Institutional Settings

Answer 21

Nature of interactions defines the interactions

Question 22

Conversation Analysis

Answer 22

Analysis of social interactions
Relationship between utterances
Detailed study of structures of conversational interactions

Question 23

Conversation Analysis

Answer 23

Look at each word and order of what people say
Conversation is the most important interaction
Introverts do more small talk so they don’t barge into conversation full force

Question 24

Conversation Analysis

Answer 24

Look at who begins, maintains, ends conversation
Laughter: result of structural characteristics that induce laughter
Applause: moment where activity increases to induce applause

Question 25

Conversation Analysis

Answer 25

Booing increases more gradually

Underscores the orderly character of social interaction – whether it’s with a friend or at a stadium

Question 26

Ethnomethods

Answer 26

Methods people use on daily basis to accomplish everyday life
Reflexive understandings allow us to conduct everyday life

Question 27

Ethnomethods

Answer 27

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Question 28

Common Sense

Answer 28

key concept for ethnomethodology
not formal logic, but practical reasoning
choose what makes sense to us based on experience

Question 29

Common Sense

Answer 29

Common sense because we don’t think about it – they’re so obvious
So internalized and taken for granted

Question 30

Common Sense

Answer 30

Assume that everyone agrees with this
Cultural rules we use to make sense of the world
Expectations about everything

Question 31

Reality – 5 Key Features

Answer 31

Mehan & Wood
1. Reflexive: unquestioned beliefs about anything – things that cannot be proven wrong
self-sealing beliefs

Question 32

Reality – 5 Key Features

Answer 32

justify discrepancies with our beliefs – explaining failed prediction of the end of the world

Question 33

Reality – 5 Key Features

Answer 33

2. Reality is coherent

order, logic, structure to reality in order to predict it

Question 34

Reality – 5 Key Features

Answer 34

3. Interactional

reality is created, maintained and changed through interaction with other people

Question 35

Reality – 5 Key Features

Answer 35

4. Fragile
   subject to performance breakdowns
   work hard to not disrupt realities
   Goffman

Question 36

Reality – 5 Key Features

Answer 36

5. Permeable

constantly moving between realities and each reality has its own context and its own common sense rules

Question 37

Phenomenology

Answer 37

certain way of understanding how we live everyday life and how we study that

Question 38

Accounts

Answer 38

acceptable given particular realities

when we explain and justify what we did

Question 39

Accounts

Answer 39

some are unacceptable in other contexts – having a cold is fine for missing a test, but not for missing a wedding

Question 40

Accounts

Answer 40

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Question 41

Breaching Experiments

Answer 41

disrupt social order – look at reaction to see what ppl do to maintain social order
create physical distance by not acknowedging other’s presence

Question 42

Breaching Experiments

Answer 42

we take common sense meanings for granted
how are you? What do you mean? Physically, emotionally?
Best way to explain common sense

Question 43

Trust

Answer 43

Trust that other people will respond in way that we expect them to respond
Script people tend to follow in particular interaction

Question 44

Trust

Answer 44

We can be reflexive because we trust people will follow script
Lost of trust in breaching experiments

Question 45

Trust

Answer 45

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