SOAPS, DETERGENTS AND EMULSIONS Flashcards
Soaps
salts made from alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils (triglyceride)
fat molecules contain
3 ester links
fat molecule 3 ester links can be
hydrolysed when heated with sodium hydroxide creating glycerol and a salt - soap
fat/oil + sodium hydroxide forms
soap + glycerol
fats and oils are made up of
glycerol and long fatty acids
hydrolysis of triglyceride found in animal fat
Stearic acid
under alkaline conditions, 3 ester links break, and if sodium hydroxide present form sodium stearate and glycerol
sodium stearate
white solid
most common type of soap
Soap structure
Long non-polar hydrocarbon tail ( uncharged covalent) and polar, ionic head (negatively charged ionic head)
soap tail and head
non-polar tail in other non-polar substances such as grease
polar head in water or other polar substances
the head is
hydrophilic - dissolves in water or other polar substances
the tail is
hydrophobic - repel water
once soap scrubbed properly
grease broken up into droplets and held in suspension in water by repulsion of neg charged heads
the suspension of small grease droplets in water is called
emulsion
detergents
family of compounds similar to soap and work in a similar way
useful in areas of hard water
specific hydrophilic (ionic) head and hydrophobic (covalent) parts
emulsions
tiny droplets held in suspension in another liquid
oil and water
