OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS Flashcards
Functional group of alcohols
OH hydroxyl
alcohols end in
-ol
bonding in alcohols
H bonding due to OH which is delta neg O and delta pos H
So, strong intermolecular forces and polar which means high solubility in water, high bp, high viscosity and low volatility
Primary alcohol
C attached to another C
OH at end
Secondary alcohol
C attached to 2 other C
OH in middle
Tertiary alcohol
C attached to 3 other C no H
What kind of alcohol is methanol
Primary
what solution used to show if oxidised
acidified dichromate solution
ORANGE TO BLUE GREEN if oxidised
Primary oxidised
aldehyde then carboxylic acid
secondary is oxidised
ketone
tertiary is oxidised
cannot happen - no colour change
aldehyde vs ketone
C=O carbonyl group in both
end with - H in aldehyde
middle = O in ketone
aldehyde ends in
al
ketone ends in
one
physical properties aldehyde and ketones
lost h bond so bp decreases and volatility increases
isomers but diff chemical properties
test with oxidising agent
benedicts/fehlings - blue to brick red
tollens reagent - colourless to silver mirror precipitate
acidified dichromate - orange to blue green
carboxylic acid oxidised equation
H from OH bond breaks and forms H+ ion
acid and metal hydroxide
salt and water
acid and metal oxide
salt and water
acid and metal carbonate
salt and water and CO2
oxidation ratio alc - aldehyde - carbo acid
1:6 to lose 2H 1:4 to Gain O 1:2
Reduction reaction
opposite
use lithium aluminum hydroxide LiAlH4
