SOAP, DETERGENT AND EMULSIONS PART 2

Question 1

How is soap made?

Answer 1

hydrolysing a fat or oil

Question 2

soap

Answer 2

hydrolyse ester link making glycerol and fatty acid

however, hydrolyse with sodium or postassium hydroxide - salt and water and glycerol

sodium salt of long chain fatty acid = soap

Question 3

structure soap

Answer 3

covalent hydrocarbon tail = hydrophobic

ionic polar head = hydrophillic (O-Na+)

Question 4

how soap works

Answer 4

head in water

tail in grease

neg charges repel so cannot recombine

Question 5

hardwater

Answer 5

Ca can combine to make insoluble Ca salt perticipate forming a scum so use DETERGENT instead

Question 6

Soap vs detergent

Answer 6

similar head different

soap - carboxylate head

detergent - sulfate head (Ca salt insoluble so works for hard water)

Question 7

Emulsions

Answer 7

small droplets of one liquid dispered in another liquid

Question 8

emulsifier

Answer 8

soap and detergent in food mix glycerol and edible oil as (OH- polar dissolve H20 and Hydrocarbon chain nonpolar and dissolve in oil)

stop separation of polar and non polar