SNC2D Chemistry Test #2 Flashcards
What are acids?
They are sour-tasting, water-soluble substances which contain hydrogen ions which can react with other chemicals. They can also be dangerous as some acids can react strongly with metals or even your skin.
What are bases?
They are bitter-tasting, water-soluble substances that feel slippery. They release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water which allow them to react with other chemicals, particularly organic compounds (such as your skin, or hair clogging a drain).
They are sometimes called Alkaline because they often contain Alkali metals or Alkaline Earth Metals (Group I or II)
What are indicators?
Indicators are substances which turn different colours when exposed to acids or bases.
What is a synthesis reaction?
Two elements or compounds form 1 compound
A + B –> AB
e.g.: 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) –> 2Fe2O3(s)
Iron + Oxygen –> Iron (III) oxide
What is a decomposition reaction?
A compound breaks into 2 elements or 2 simpler compounds
AB A + B
e.g.: H2O2(aq) H2(g) + O2(g)
Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen + Oxygen
What is a single displacement reaction?
The reactants are an element and a compound and the products are a new element and a new compound
AB + C -> AC + B
e.g.: Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) -> Ag(s) + CuNO3(aq)
Copper + Silver nitrate -> Silver + Copper (I) nitrate
Or
AB + C -> CB + A
e.g.: Ca(s) + H2O(l) -> H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)
Calcium + Hydrogen Hydroxide -> Hydrogen + Calcium hydroxide
What is a double displacement reaction?
The reactants are compounds and the products are two new compounds
The positive and negative ions switch partners
AB + CD -> AD + BC
e.g.: Lead(II) nitrate + Hydrogen choride -> hydrogen nitrate + Lead(II) chloride
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) -> 2HNO3(aq) + PbCl2(aq)
What is a combustion reaction?
A hydrocarbon burns to form CO2 and H2O
CxHy + O2 -> xCO2 + yH2O
e.g.: Methane + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) -> 1CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Identify if this is an acid or a base and its name.
HF
It is an acid, hydrofluoric acid.
Identify if this is an acid or a base and its name.
HNO3
Acid, Nitric acid.
Identify if this is an acid or a base and its name.
NaOH
Base, Sodium hydroxide.
Identify if this is an acid or a base and its name.
Ba(OH)2
Base, Barium hydroxide.
Identify if this is an acid or a base and its name.
HOH
Neutral, water. (also H20)
What type of equation is this?
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide –> water + sodium chloride
A word equation.
What type of chemical equation is this?
HCl + Ba(OH) –> HO + BaCl
It is a skeletal equation (not balanced)
