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Justin Lyle Cards > Smooth Muscle Prostaglandins Part 1 > Flashcards

Smooth Muscle Prostaglandins Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

____________________ are chemical mediators found in most body tissues that regulate cell functions and promote the inflammatory response

A

prostaglandins

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2
Q

what are the 5 types of prostaglandins

A
  1. PGD2 2. PGE2 3. PGF2 4. PGI2 5. thromboxane A2
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3
Q

where is PGD2 located?

A
  1. airways 2. brain 3. mast cells
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4
Q

where is PGE2 located ?

A
  1. brain 2. kidneys 3. platelets 4. vascular smooth muscle
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5
Q

where is PGF2 located?

A
  1. airways 2. eyes 3. uterus 4. vascular smooth muscle
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6
Q

where is PGI2 located

A
  1. brain 2. endothelium 3. kidneys 4. platelets
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7
Q

where si thromboxane A2 located?

A
  1. kidneys 2. macrophages 3. platelets 4. vascular smooth muscle
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8
Q

effects of PGD2

A

bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

effects of PGE2

A
  1. bronchodilation 2. gastroprotection 3. increases activity of GI sm. muscle 4. increase sensitivity to pain 5. increase body temperature 6. vasodilation
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10
Q

effects of PGF2

A
  1. increases activity of GI smooth muscle 2. bronchoconstriction 3. increases uterine contraction
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11
Q

effects of PGI2

A
  1. decrease platelet aggregation 2. gastroprotection 3. vasodilation
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12
Q

effects of Thromboxane A2

A
  1. increase platelet aggregation 2. vasoconstriction
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13
Q

prostaglandin synthesis comes from the precursor ________________________

A

arachadonic acid

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14
Q

in prostaglandin synthesis, physiologic prostaglandins originate from _________________, and pathologic prostaglandins originate from ______________

A

COX-1; COX-2

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15
Q

which prostaglandin synthesis pathway plays a role in pain and inflammation, is inducible, and is only in circulation in response to a condition?

A

COX-2

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16
Q

MOA of NSAIDS (asprin, ibuprofen, and tylenol)

A

inhibit COX1 and COX2

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17
Q

NSAIDS (asprin, ibuprofen and tylenol) tx ____________________, but do not ___________________

A

sx; tx the underlying disorder

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18
Q

__________________ is a peripheral and central analgesic, but __________________ is only a peripheral analgesic

A

ASA; ibuprofen

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19
Q

uses of NSAIDs (asprin, ibuprofen, and tylenol)

A
  1. analgesic 2. antipyretic 3. anti-inflammatory
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20
Q

_______________ binds irreversibly to plt COX-1, and ____________ bind reversibly to plt COX-1

A

ASA; NSAIDs

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21
Q

What is the antiplt effects of asprin

A
  1. prevents the synthesis of thromoxane A2 2. inhibits platelet aggregation 3. effects last for the lifetime of the plt (7-10 days)
22
Q

what is the antiplt effects of non-asprin NSAIDs?

A
  1. anti-plt effects only last while the drug is present in the blood (~4.5 half lifes) 2. plt fx returns after 4 half lives
23
Q

Asprin and all NSAIDS (except tylenol and COX-2 specific drugs) have what effects on plts?

A
  1. inhibit plt aggregation 2. interfere with blood coagulation 3. increase the risk of bleeding
24
Q

which drug is the prototype anti-prostaglandin drug

A

asprin

25
Q

T/F: asprin is nephrotoxic at high doses

A

TRUE

26
Q

asprin effects in the kidneys

A
  1. constricts renal arteries and arterioles 2. decreases the bloodflow to the kidneys 3. decreases GFR 4. increases the retention of salt and water
27
Q

which anti-prostaglandin drug is safer in regards to GI bleeds? (NSAIDS or ASA?)

A

NSAIDS

28
Q

__________________ is effective in the tx of mild to moderate pain of the skin, muscles, joints, and other connective tissue

A

ASA

29
Q

prostaglandins normal fx in the kidney

A
  1. increases blood flow via VD at times of decreased blood flow 2. counters the VC effects of local vasoconstrictors (epi, AngII)
30
Q

__________________ is a propionic acid derivative medication that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

A

Ibuprofen

31
Q

___________________ is a selective COX 2 inhibitor

A

celecoxib

32
Q

what meds are widely used over asprin due to having less Gastric irritation and GI upset

A

NSAIDs (ibuprofen and celecoxib)

33
Q

half life of celecoxib

A

11 hours

34
Q

celecoxib (compared to asprin) has less ________________, no _______________ effects, and can potentiate ______________________.

A

Gastric irritation; antiplt; pre-existing HTN

35
Q

T/F: celecoxib is not protein bound

A

false; celecoxib is highly protein bound

36
Q

what labs should be monitored if a pt is taking ibuprofen or celecoxib regularly

A

BUN/Cr due to possible renal damage

37
Q

if pt has liver or renal damage, but needs to be prescribed a cox inhibitor like ibuprofen or celecoxib, what changes would you make to the dose?

A

decrease it

38
Q

what route is celecoxib available in?

A

PO only

39
Q

route that asprin is available in?

A
  1. P.O: enteric coated, chewable 2. PR
40
Q

T/F: asprin is available in liquid form

A

false; unstable in liquid

41
Q

route that Ibuprofen is available in?

A

PO: tablet, chewable, capsule, oral suspension, oral drops

42
Q

advantage of tylenol over other COX inhibitors

A

does not cause: N/V, GI bleeding, or disrupt coagulation

43
Q

tylenol is equal to asprin in its ______________&_____________ effects, but lacks ________________ effects

A

analgesic; antipyretic; anti-inflammatory

44
Q

what routes is tylenol available in?

A
  1. P.O: tablet, liquid 2. PR 3. IV
45
Q

which med is marketed OTC with many analgesic and cold remedies, and is also prescribed with codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and percocet to enhance analgesic effects

A

tyelnol

46
Q

C/I for NSAIDs (asprin, ibuprofen, and tylenol)

A
  1. PUD 2. GI or other bleeding d/o 3. hypersensitivity rxn (cross rxn with ASA and NSAIDs) 4. impaired renal fx 5. children with flu/chicken pox 2/2 reye’s syndrome 6. alcoholics 7. asthmatics
47
Q

__________________ can be given to children for fever and/or pain but until at least 2 years of age

A

acetaminophen

48
Q

what med is safe to give children for fever, but not until at least 6 mo of age

A

ibuprofen

49
Q

what medication is c/i in children <12 years of age

A

asprin 2/2 reyes syndrome and rapidly progressive encephalopathy after acute viral illness

50
Q

__________________ is a safe COX inhibitor for the elderly in recommended doses as long as do not have liver damage or abuser of etoh

A

acetaminophen

Justin Lyle Cards (27 decks)

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