Smoking

Question 1

Where is nicotine stored in low doses?

Answer 1

Periodontal fibroblasts

Question 2

What are the effects of nicotine?

Answer 2

Vasoconstriction- reduces nutritional blood flow.
Leaves tissues ischaemic- impaired healing

Increases platelet adhesiveness

Decreases proliferation of red blood cells, fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 3

What are smokers more likely to have?

Answer 3

More calculus
More plaque
Poorer oh- less time spent
Deeper pocketing
More bone loss
Lose more teeth
More keratinised gingival cells
More chance of treatment failures

Question 4

Why do smokers show less signs of inflammation

Answer 4

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

More keratinised cells in gingival tissues

Question 5

Describe the tissue response to smoking

Answer 5

Vasoconstriction of gingival vessels
Initial increase in GCF 
inhibition of neutrophil function
Impairment of mobility and chemotactic ability of PMNs
Clear prevalence of NUG and smoking

Question 6

Describes the effects of smoking on response to treatment

Answer 6

Decreased salivary igA Anitbodies and serum igG anitbodies against fuso bacterium and prevotella intermedia

Decreased numbers of helper t lymphocytes

Decreased function of neutrophils

Impaired motility and chemotactic ability of PMNs