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Plaque Related Disease > Prevelance And Impact of Disease > Flashcards

Prevelance And Impact of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is DMFT

A

decayed, missing, filled, teeth

Details present caries experience
Previous treatment of caries

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2
Q

What problems lie in DMFT

A

Hard to establish reasons for missing teeth- congenitally missing, xla re. Or tho or xla re. Caries?

Irreversible- no good for measuring beneficial interventions

Combines past tx with current disease- hard to establish if past treatment for caries

Components are unequal in impact. Xla not equivalent to filling

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3
Q

What are the 4 things required for caries to occur

A

Susceptible tooth
Plaque bacteria
Sugar- ferment able carbohydrate
Time

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4
Q

How can you reduce risk with regards to the tooth

A

Improve diet
Add trace element- fluoride
Protective coatings- fissure sealants

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5
Q

How can you reduce risk re. Plaque bacteria?

A

Chemical/ mechanical removal

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6
Q

How can you reduce the risk re. Sugar?

A

Improve diet

Restrict ferment able carbohydrates

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7
Q

How can you reduce risks re. Time?

A

Avoid snacking

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8
Q

What is a common disclosing agent?

A

Erythrosin- red agent

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9
Q

Why are antibiotics not used as a plaque control method?

A

Disrupts natural flora. Candida albicans
Resistance
Hypersensitivity
Storage/ shelf life

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10
Q

What are the negatives of chx re. Plaque control

A

Staining
Taste disturbances
Parotid gland swelling
Disrupts oral flora

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11
Q

What is chx active on?

A

Gram -ve and +ve

S. Mutans more sensitive than s. Anguinis

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12
Q

What are STAMPS?

A

Specifically targeted anti microbial peptides

  • anti microbial
  • specific to certain bacteria eg. Strep. Mutans
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13
Q

What enzymes may be used re. Plaque control?

Why are they not widely used

A

Dextranases
Mucinases
Polysacharidases

Not very effective
Don’t store well in tp
Very specific
Hypersensitivity

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14
Q

What sweeteners are available to replaces sucrose

A

Xylitol- bulk sweetener
Encourages saliva flow
Reduces bacteria and acid production

Sacharinne- intensive sweetener

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15
Q

What are fissure sealants used?

A

To eliminate pits and fissures prone to caries

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16
Q

Why are pits and fissures prone to caries

A

Plaque accumulate and is hard to remove

Pits and fissures benefit less from topical fluoride

17
Q

What are the advantages font issues sealants?

A

Prevents occult caries
Active caries can be sealed to stop progression
Tooth does not have to be cut

18
Q

What are the disadvantages to tissues sealants

A

Hard to place
Require good cooperation and moisture control
Need to be monitored- lesions will progress if lost

19
Q

What are indications for fissure sealants ?

A 
High caries risk
Pre cooperative for restorations 
Medically compromised
Active fissure caries 
Deep fissures or pits
20
Q

Describe the procedure for placing fissure sealant

A 
Clean tooth 
Isolate
Etch- 37% phosphoric acid
Wash 
isolate
Place sealant
Cure
21
Q

What material are conventional fissure sealants

A

Acrylic resin.

Bowens bisGMA

22
Q

How do sealants stick?

A

Acid etch dissolves enamel creating tiny porosities

Resin flows into porosities binding the resin to the tooth on setting

23
Q

Why are GI sealants considered less efficient

A

Wear quicker

Fall off more often

24
Q

When are GI sealants useful?

A

Limited cooperation
Anxious individuals
Partially erupted teeth

25
Q

How are calcium and phosphate ions found in saliva

A

Bound to proteins - CPP Casien phosphopeptide
ACP- amorphous calcium phosphate

Saliva buffers calcium and phosphate from plaque to aid formations of fluorapetite in the presence of fluoride

26
Q

Describe the trendily dean study re. Fluoride

A

1942
21 cities
7257 children 12-14
Concluded the more fluoride in water the less caries present

27
Q

Describe the 3 modes of action re . Fluoride s

A

Enamel solubility -
Hydroxyapatite crystals dissolve in acidic conditions
Loose calcium, phosphate and hydroxide
In presence of fluoride - fluoride replaces hydroxide ion making fluorapetite
Fluorapetite dissolves at lower ph - 4.5 therefore tooth more resistant to sure quest dissolution

Fluoride and plaque bacteria

Inhibits enzymes in glycolysis so less lactic acid produced
Inhibit storage of intraceluular polysaccharides which prevent production of acid in between meals

Fluoride and tooth morphology -
More rounded cusps and shallower fissure s
Fluoride can be toxic to bacteria

28
Q

What is fluorosis

A

Causes by overexposure to fluoride during tooth development
Reduced Ameliogenin degradation
Increased Ameliogenin retention
Incomplete crystal growth

Plaque Related Disease (18 decks)

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