smartbook post class Flashcards
vascular accident in utero is likely to cause what kind of atresia?
jejunal or ileal atresia
triple bubble sign on XR
gas in stomach, dudodenum, and jejunum
jejunal atresia
indications for bariatric surgery
BMI >40
BMI > 35 with serious comorbidities
BMI > 30 with resistant DMT2 or metabolic syndrome
in chronic pancreatitis, what is the cause of pain and how do you tx it?
pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
hyperstimulation but unregulated CCK release causes pain
tx with pancreatic enzyme supplementation (lipase, protease, amylase) to reduce pancreatic hyperstimulation by CCK
what causes increased risk of sigmoid volvulus
chronic constipation
old person with progressive solid dysphagia, no other big signs, next step?
still do EGD first
what is associated with increased severity and progression of Crohn disease?
smoking
labs in biliary atresia
elevated total and direct bili
elevated GGT (2/2 bile duct destruction) and alk phos
retic ct normal (no hemolysis occuring)
abdominal US shows triangular cord sign (fibrous remnants above the porta hepatis) or a small or absent gallbladder
biliary atresia
late 20s, weeks of lower abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and fecal urgency - now more acutely has fever, abdominal distention, leukocytosis, hypotension, and tachycardia
dx? and what test to confirm?
IBD, now toxic megacolon
abd XR
besides surgery, what else can cause ileus?
retroperitoneal/abdominal hemorrhage, intraabdominal inflammation (pancreatitis), intestinal ischemia, and electrolyte abnormalities
abdominal distention, obstipation, abd xr shows uniformly dilated, gas-filled loops of bowel with no transition point
paralytic ileus
acute onset abdominal pain, shock, and acute anemia s/p tx for CLL sometime in the past
splenic rupture
insidious, continuous midepigastric pain that often radiates to the flanks or back and is sometimes worse with eating and lying down
dx and what test?
pancreatic cancer
CT abdomen
triad of elevated aminotransferases, signs of hepatic encephalopathy, and synthetic liver dysfunction (INR >1.5)
acute liver failure
which hepatitis is not associated with acute liver failure?
hep C
what type of ALF can be potentiated by chronic alcohol use?
acetaminophen toxicity
besides cats, how can toxo be spread?
ingestion of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with toxo
dinner fork deformity
what is fx?
what nerve is injured?
what action will be weak?
distal radius (Colles) fx
dorsal displacement of the radius results in median n compression
motor innervation to the thenar muscles (opponens, and abductor)
fatigue and sypmtoms related to more than one cytopenia
acute myeloid leukemia
fatigue, prolonged bleeding, easy bruising, pancytopenia, coagulopathy, and elevated LDH
acute promyelocytic leukemia
important cause of hypocalcemia, particularly in alcoholics
hypomagnesemia
causes decreased release of PTH and PTH resistance
progressive peripheral edema, ascites, elevated JVP, and pericardial calcifications on chest XR
constrictive pericarditis
why might fat malabsorption occur in zollinger ellison?
inactivation of pancreatic enzymes by increased production of stomach acid may lead to malabsorption
what might make you think a parotid gland mass is malignant rather than the typical benign?
CN dysfunction - facial droop or facial numbness
ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia; strength preserved
dx? ab?
Miller Fisher syndrome, variant of GBS
anti-GQ1b antibody
when might VDRL be a false negative
too early in disease process
what happens to LV preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output in cardiac tamponade?
decreases LV preload, SV, and CO
pattern of liver injury with elevated transaminases and normal alk phos
hepatocellular
should get viral hep panel
evaluation of adrenal insufficiency should include an
8 am serum cortisol and plasma ACTH
then cosyntropin stim test
initial tests if suspecting hypopituitarism
hormone levels (8am cortisol, free T4), testosterone, estradiol, IGF-1
diagnostic tests for acute hep B infection
HBsAg and anti-HBc
pt dx’d with Barrett’s 6 mo ago, now has symmetric, circumferential narrowing of the distal esophagus
esophageal stricture
incidental pancreatic cyst with more concerning features, next step?
endoscopic US bx
pt just had surgery, now has increased indirect bilirubin, normal LFTs, no hemolysis
Gilbert syndrome
new sexual partner, tenesmus, mucopurulent rectal discharge
gonococcal proctitis
pancreatic cancer v cholangiocarcinoma
pancreatic cancer could cause common bile duct dilation - obstruction is in the distal biliary tree
cholangiocarcinoma could cause intrahepatic duct dilation
early onset of sexual characteristics, advanced bone age, and low LH level
peripheral precocious puberty
non classical CAH
pt had MI 3 days ago, now has markedly elevated LFTs
hepatocyte ischemia
severe splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
anemia, thrombocytopenia
bony pain
failure to thrive, delayed puberty
Gaucher disease
short stature, anemia, developmental delays, pancytopenia, hypoplastic thumbs
fanconi anemia
hx of prostate cancer that has been tx’d, now having urgency and fecal incontinence
radiation proctitis
endoscopic view show multiple telangiectasias, mucosal pallor and friability in the colon
chronic radiation proctitis
chronic radiation proctitis will cause urgency and fecal incontinence due to
impaired compliance
in diabetics, intensive blood glucose control with insulin decreases the risk of
microvascular complications
(unknown affect for macrovascular)
epigastric pain and melena, pain improves with food
dx and tx?
duodenal ulcer due to H. pylori
abx and pantoprazole
age range for new onset UC
bimodal
15-40 and 50-80
infant at 99th percentile for weight and macroglossia
beckwith wiedemann syndrome
overgrowth disorder with predisposition for neoplasms
how do you do surveillance for someone with beckwith wiedemann syndrome?
serum AFP and abdominal/renal US
what are complications of beckwith wiedemann syndrome
wilms tumor
hepatoblastoma
chest XR in PJP
diffuse bilateral interstitial or alveolar infiltrates
toddler or young girl that has joint pain and stiffness that is worse in the morning
dx and tx
polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
naproxen
tx of solitary pulmonary nodule in someone who has hx of smoking
surgical excision
drugs associated with photosensitivity rxns
tetracyclines, chlorpromazine, furosemide, HCTZ, amiodarone, promethazine, piroxicam
resulting from airway obstruction and leading to mediastinal displacement toward the side of alveolar collapse
large volume atelectasis
tick disease, flu like symptoms, anemia with intravascular hemolysis and thrombocytopenia
babesiosis
maltese cross
chronic SOB, productive cough, evidence of destruction of lower lungs.
literally no other risk factors
alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
common finding in ankylosing spondylitis
arthritis (sacroiliitis)
reduced chest expansion/spinal mobility
enthesitis (tender on tendons)
dactylitis
uveitis
antibodies directed against nicotinic receptors on the motor end plate
dx and next step
myasthenia gravis
CT scan chest looking for thymoma
can generalized anxiety disorder be in kids?
yep
irritability, difficulty falling asleep, poor concentration
often presents with somatic symptoms
asbestos exposure, pleural plaques and cavitary lesion
bronchogenic carcinoma
croup tx order
humidified air and corticosteroids
racemic epi
intubate if prior failed
theophylline toxicity
CNS stimulation (HA, insomnia, sz), GI upset, cardiac toxicity (arrhythmia)
drug known to decrease clearance of theophylline
cipro
how early before surgery do you need to stop smoking?
at least 4 weeks prior
large volume atelectasis - whole side of lung is occluded on XR and has mediastinal shift
mucus plugging
panicking or hyperventilation tx
reassurance and deep breathing
then benzo
what happens to tactile fremitus in pleural effusion
decreased
alveolar consolidation in pneumonia causes hypoxemia due to
R to L intrapulmonary shunting
is heparin contraindicated in CKD
no
first thing to decrease on stable pt who is intubated
fiO2
hx of CAD and bibasilar crackles
CHF
intubation s/p vomiting and needing a lot of suction - what injury?
inflammatory reaction to aspirated gastric acid
tx for hoarding
CBT
tx for acute stress disorder
CBT
perferred modalities for dx’ing a ureteral stone
US or non con CT
labs in rhabdo
increased K and P, decreased Ca, increased AST>ALT
MDD in pt who just had MI, tx?
SSRI
sertraline > citalopram (QT inc)
constant and gnawing epigastric pain that is frequently worse at night, anorexia with wt loss
pancreatic cancer
psoriasis found on the back of hands
kobner phenomenon - caused by frequent minor trauma
arrhythmia most specific for digitalis toxicity
atrial tachycardia with AV block
influenza 5 days ago, now has pna, what bug?
S aureus
HIV pt with acute retinal necrosis and pain
HSV or VZV
HIV pt with painless retinitis, hemorrhages and fluffy or granular lesions around retinal vessels
CMV retitinitis
bilateral, cyclic breast pain
tx?
supportive bra and NSAIDs
pt with large or embolic ischemic stroke could be at risk for …. within 48 hours of presentation.
Dx this with…
hemorrhagic transformation
noncon CT head