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Microbiology > SMALL PLEOMORPHIC GRAM NEG BACILLI > Flashcards

SMALL PLEOMORPHIC GRAM NEG BACILLI Flashcards

0
Q

Do not need growth factor.

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus

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1
Q

Gram - coccobacilli or bacilli; NM; NS and requires factor present in the blood for adequate growth; facultative anaerobe; oxidase +; catalase +(h.influenzae,h.haemolyticus); ferments CHO.

A

Haemophilus

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2
Q

Preferred incubation on Haemophilus.

A

33-37C at 5-10% CO2

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3
Q

Haemophilus are identified thru.

A

Hemolytic reaction on horse blood agar, CHO fermentation tests and growth requirement for X and V factor.

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4
Q

Considered normal indigenous flora of the upper respiratory tract. Encapsulated.

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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5
Q

Virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae

A

Polysaccharide capsules

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6
Q

Reaction of H.influenzae

A

Nonhemolytic reaction on horse or rabbit blood agar; rapidly killed by phagocytes.

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7
Q

Culture media used on H.influenzae.

A

Filded enriched media, levinthal agar, BAP and CAP.

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8
Q

Result of Filded enriched media, levinthal agar, BAP and CAP in h.influenzae

A

Colorless, transparent or dew drop colonies. Beta lactamase + control

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9
Q

Capsular characteristics.

A

Typeable

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10
Q

Do not produce capsule; normal inhabitants of URT. Causes Otitis media and acute bronchitis.

A

Nontypeable

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11
Q

Latex particle agglutination. ELISA

A

Serology test

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12
Q

Detects enzyme that converts aminolevulinic acid into porphyrin.

A

Porphyrin test

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13
Q

Disease of H.influenzae

A

Laryngitis, Fetal meningitis of children and other pediatric disease, Otitis media

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14
Q

Koch-weeks Bacillus; closely resembles h.influenzae bio type 3; Brazilian purpuric fever which affects children.

A

Haemophilus aegypticus

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15
Q

Grows on CAP and horse blood agar but not on the sheep blood agar.

A

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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16
Q

Mistaken as S.pyogenes because of its beta hemolytic activity on BAP.

A

Haemophilus hemolyticus

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17
Q

Chancroid bacillus/Ducreyi’s Bacillus. Agent of sexually transmitted disease chancroid. Not part of the human flora. Causative agent of ulcerative venereal disease, soft chancre/chancroid (genital lesions)

A

Haemophilus Ducreyi

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18
Q

Specimen used in Haemophilus Ducreyi.

A

Ulcer exudate or bubo aspirate

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19
Q

Microscopic appearance of Haemphilus Ducreyi

A

Pleomorphic

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20
Q

Characteristics of HACEK group of bacteria

A

Requirements of 5-10% of CO2 for growth. Caused sub-acute bacterial endocarditis. Blood + and Mac -.

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21
Q

Low pathogenecity; Do not require X and V factors for growth. Oxidase and catalase -.

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus

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22
Q

Normal flora of human oral cavity; destructive periodontitis; catalase +; oxidase -; + nitrate reduction; Requires CAP; very short, gram - bacilli. Star shaped bacilli

A

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

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23
Q

Catalase and oxidase +; pleomorphic; gram - rod with one round end and one tapered end. Tends to form clusters or rossettes from 5% sheep’s blood. Tear drop shaped

A

Cardiobacterium hominis

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24
Q

Differentiating point of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Cardiobacterium hominis

A

Oxidase test

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25
Q

Corroding bacilli; part of the gingival or bowel flora; non saccharolytic; caused of mixed infection from bites or clenched-fists wound; may pit or corrode the agar surface (BAP) with sharp odor of bleach. Catalase -; oxidase +

A

Eikenella corrodens

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26
Q

Caused by sub-acute bacterial endocarditis HACEK; may put the agar surface; short, plump coccobacilli with squared ends; catalase - and oxidase +

A

Kingella Kingae

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27
Q

Morphology of kingella Kingae

A

Small with small zone of hemolysis

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28
Q

Differentiating point of Kingella Kingae and Eikenella corrodens

A

Cannot grow on Mac and XLD but can grow on CAP and BAP.

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29
Q

Tiny fastidious rods; normal flora of the vagina; NM; NE; gram -; Cause of Bacterial vaginosis; occasionally causes neonatal sepsis and postpartum bacteremia; common blood isolate postpartum and post abortal fever.

A

Gerdnerella vaginalis

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30
Q

Other name of Gerdnerella vaginalis

A

Haemophilus vaginalis or Cornyebacterium vaginale

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31
Q

Culture of Gerdnerella vaginalis on CAP

A

Grayish colonies

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32
Q

Clinical manifestation of G.vaginalis

A

Malodor/leukorrhea/putritis/excessive vaginal discharge
pH is more than 4.5
presence of Clue cells

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33
Q

Based on Amsel and nugent scoring systems used to diagnose BV: presence of clue cells.

A

Cytology/Pap’s

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34
Q

Based on Amsel and nugent scoring systems used to diagnose BV: 10%KOH- fishy amine like odor.

A

Whiff or Schiff test

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35
Q

Culture: selective medium for G.vaginalis

A

Colistin Oxolinic Acid Blood Agar

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36
Q

Culture: production of beta-hemolysis

A

Human Blood Tween Agar

37
Q

Culture: specific medium of G.vaginalis, opaque and doomed after 48 hrs of incubation

38
Q

Overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina including:

A

G.vaginalis, Gerdnerella mobiluncus, Mycoplasma hominis

39
Q

Proteolysis producing nitrous products such as putrescine and Cadaverine.

A

Clue cells

40
Q

Transmitted thru animal bites; uses bipolar stain “safety pin”; grows on BAP but not on Mac; oxidase and catalase + except P.bettyae; urease, indole, ONPG +; part of the animal flora; require organic nitrogen sources; glucose fermenters; facultative anaerobe; NM, gm- may range from coccobacilli to long filamentous rods.

A

Pastreurella

41
Q

Virulence factor of Pasteurella.

A

Endotoxins and capsule

42
Q

Pasteurella is associated with RIT including..

A

Sinusitis, pneumonia, pulmonary disease and bronchitis

43
Q

Small, gm -, NS coccobacilli with bipolar staining features; most important pathogen to humans. Mushroom smell characteristics; musty odor; grows only on BAP; oxidase, ODC and INDOLE +; urease and ONPG -; commensals in the URT of many livestock, poultry, domestic pets ( cats and dogs), cause pneumonia. Susceptible to penicillin, tetracycline or chloramphenicol. Shipping fever on cattles

A

Pasteurella multocida

44
Q

Most common Pasteurella infection

A

Wound infection

45
Q

Coccobacilli; oblique aerobe; NM except B.bronchiseptica; oxidase + except B.parapertusis; urease + except B.pertusis;

A

Bordetella

46
Q

Culture of Bordetella

A

Smooth, glistening, silver in color becomes whitish gray with age.

47
Q

Growth factors of Bordetella.

A

Nicotinic acid, cysteine, methionine

48
Q

Virulence factors of Bordetella

A

Pertusis toxins, adenylate Cyclase, tracheal cytotoxin and dermonecrotic toxin, pentratin and fimbriae

49
Q

Bordet Gengou bacillus; pearl like or metallic colonies; oblique aerobe; NM except B.bronchiseptica, NS, hemolytic org. Gm - minute coccobacilli

A

Bordetella pertusis

50
Q

Culture in B.pertusis: transport medium

A

Stuart’s medium Mishullow’s charcoal agar

51
Q

Culture in B.pertusis: potato blood glycerol

A

Bordet Gengou medium

52
Q

Culture in B.pertusis: charcoal and yeast extract

A

Jones Kendrick charcoal agar

53
Q

Culture in B.pertusis: charcoal and horse blood

A

Regan-Lowe medium

54
Q

Culture in B.pertusis: preferred because it contains horse blood, charcoal, cephalexin and amphotericin

A

Charcoal Cephalexin Blood Agar

55
Q

Disease in B.pertusis

A

Whooping cough

56
Q

Virulence factor in b.pertusis

A

Pertusis toxin

57
Q

Transmission of B.pertusis

58
Q

3 disease stages: runny nose, mucous membrane inflammation.

A

Catarrhal stage

59
Q

3 stages of disease: continuous cough with end in the respiratory tract. Severe and violent coughing. Associated with vomiting and whooping. May last for 6 weeks.

A

Paroxysmal stage

60
Q

3 disease stages: may last long for about 6 moths after infection.

A

Convalescent stage

61
Q

Pathogenicity of B.pertusis: toxins and enzymes

A

Pertusis toxin, hemaglutinins, adenylate cyclase, heat labile toxin, lps, heat stable toxin, tracheal cytotoxin

62
Q

Ideal specimens used in B.pertusis.

A

Nasopharyngeal asparites and swab

63
Q

NM, urease and oxidase and citrate +, nitrate -; large colonies with a brown pigment on the Bordet gengou agar, milder form of B.pertusis-like symptoms. Kennel cough

A

Bordetella parapertusis

64
Q

M, urease and oxidase -, citrate and nitrate +, causes septicemia, inhabitants of URT of canines

A

B. Bronchiseptica

65
Q

Highly infectious; requires cysteine for growth. Classified as bacterium tullarense, Brucellan tularensis and pasteurella tularensis, jellison type A. Causative agent of Tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

66
Q

Minute, highly pleomorphic, NM, gm- coco bacilli, intracellular, oblique aerobe, encapsulated, NS, weakly catalas + and oxidase -;

A

Francisella tularensis

67
Q

Virulence factor of francisella tularensis

68
Q

Focal ulcer at the site of entry of the organism and enlargement of lymph nodes.

A

Deerfly or rabbit fever.

69
Q

Specimens used in F. Tularensis

A

Sputum, scrapings from infected ulcer and limo node biopsies

70
Q

Culture of F.tularensis

A

Slowly growing org. 2-4 days of colony fermentation. Cysteine heart agar/ glycogen cysteine blood agar/ peptone cysteine agar

71
Q

Normal flora of the animals; normal flora of the URT and GIT of sheep, cattles, pigs and dogs. NM, NE, strict aerobe,gm- coccobacilli, intracellular, gamma hemolytic on bap, appear singly, pair or in short chains, catalase oxidase urease nitrate +, h2s + except b.canis. Infected human through contact with infected animals or animals products.

72
Q

Bangs Bacillus; epidemic abortion of cattles.

A

Brucella abortus

73
Q

Epidemic abortion of swine

A

Brucella suis

74
Q

Affecting dogs

A

Brucella Canis

75
Q

Affecting sheep or goat; causes undulant/Malta/Gibraltar/Mediterranean/Crimean/Maltese/rock fever which is transferred to man through infected milk from goats. Does not produce h2s nor require CO2 and not inhibited by thionine or fuschin; killed by pasteurization; resistance to heat.

A

B. Melitensis

76
Q

Specimen used in Brucella

A

Bone marrow, blood, tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage

77
Q

A bisphasic bottle for blood culture W or Wisconsin medium

A

Castaneda technique

78
Q

Causative agent of Legionnaire’s disease; facultative intracellular pathogen. Faintly staining, thing gm-; majority M; catalas and oxidase weakly +, gelatinase +; will not grow on primary plated media; requires medium with L-cysteine buffered to pH 6.9BCYE

A

Legionella

79
Q

Most common pathogen to human; part of the natural microbial community of soil and aquatic; isolated in aircondition dusts, cooling towers, warm-water plumbing system, humidifiers, nebulizers, shower heads

A

Legionella pneumophila

80
Q

Pittsburg pneumonia

A

Legionella micdadei

81
Q

Wiga’s agent of pneumonia.

A

Legionella bozemanni

82
Q

Clinical manifestation of Legionella

A

Legionnaire’s disease

83
Q

Specimen used in legionella.

A

Sputum, blood and lung biopsy material, bronchial wash, pleural fluid.

84
Q

Brown pigment characteristics/BCYE; may exhibit gray-white to blue-green convex colonies with cut glass type of internal granular speckling

A

Feeley Gorman Agar

85
Q

Specimen used for the enterobacteriaceae

A

Stool, blood, urine, rectal swab

86
Q

BAP AND CAP

A

Large, gray, smooth colonies

87
Q

XLD and HEA

A

Useful for salmonella and shigella sp

88
Q

BSA

A

For detection of salmonella

89
Q

Swarm on BAP AND CAP

A

P.mirabilis, P.vulgaris, P.penneri

Microbiology (7 decks)

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