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Gram Postive Bacilli Flashcards

0
Q

Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore: Ellipsoidal and does not cause swelling.

A

Group 1.

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1
Q 
General Characteristics: 
Sporeformer (central spore)
Strictly aerobic/Facultative Anaerobe
Catalase positive
M except B.anthracis; Thermophilic
A

Bacillus

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2
Q

Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore:has large cell more than 0.9 um.

A

Subgroup 1: B.anthracis, B.cerues, B.megaterium, B.thuringiensis

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3
Q

Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore: has small cell less than 0.9 um.

A

Subgroup 2: B.subtilis, B.coagulans, B.pumilus

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4
Q

Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spores: oval shaped and are swollen.

A

Group 2: B.stearothermophilus, B.polymxa, B.circulans

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5
Q

Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore: circular shape and are swollen. Most fastidious and has complex nutrition.

A

Group 3: B.sphaericus, B.panthothenicus.

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6
Q

On 5% sheep’s blood agar, B.cereus are:

A

Alpha or beta hemolytic with lavander color.

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7
Q

Other Bacillus sp. appear as:

A

Large, flat and dull with a ground glass appearance.

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8
Q

Bacillus infection: involves the eye (Keratitis, conjunctivitis, orbital abscess)

A

Local Infection

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9
Q

Bacillus infection: infection with other organisms (wound, burnt)

A

Mixed infection

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10
Q

Bacillus infection: organism cultured from blood and CSF (meninggitis, bacteremia)

A

Disseminated infection

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11
Q

Common name of Bacillus anthracis

A

Anthrax Bacillus

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12
Q

Most virulent human pathogen in this genus. Large, NM, encapsulated, gm. (+) with square ends forming long chains. With oval, central or sub terminal spore not swollen. Disjointed bamboo fishing rod appearance.

A

Bacillus anthracis

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13
Q

Cultural characteristics of B.anthracis on BAP:

A

Non-hemolytic; with comma shaped growths described as Medusa head colony or lion head or cut-glass appearance or comet tail.

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14
Q

Cultural characteristics of B.anthracis on med. containing small amount of penicillin:

A

Organism can still grow but will produce similar string of pearl.

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15
Q

Cultural characteristics of B.anthracis on gelatin medium:

A

Inverted Fir Tree or Inverted Chrismtas Tree; produce acid from glucose, maltose and sucrose

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16
Q

Diseases of Bacillus anthracis:

A

Anthrax, Silberian Fever, Black Bair

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17
Q

Cutaneous anthrax or malignant pustule; skin contract

A

External

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18
Q

Internal: transmitted by inhalation of spore while handling wool; woolsorter’s disease or ragpicker’s disease.

A

Pulmonary

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19
Q

Internal: ingestion of improperly cooked infected meat.

A

Intestinal anthracis or violent enteritis

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20
Q

Laboratory DX of Bacillus anthracis: stained smears:

A

Macfadyeau’s method

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21
Q

Laboratory DX of Bacillus anthracis: culture m;

A

PLET Medium ( Polymixin, Lysozyme, Disodium EDTA, Thallou acetate)

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22
Q

Laboratory DX of Bacillus anthracis: the extracts if infected tissue show a ring of ppt when layered over immuned serum. Diagnosis precipitin test for B.anthracis.

A

Ascoli Test

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23
Q

Common name of Bacillus cereus.

A

Fried rice bacillus.

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24
Q

2nd most virulent human pathogen. They are called anthrax-like or pseudoanthrax bacilli; NE, M, beta-hemolytic. Most resistant species.

A

Bacillus cereus

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25
Q

Appear as rough, dry and cremated with distinct bright blue color.

A

PEEMBA Medium (Polymixin pyruvate-egg-yolk-mannitol-brom Thymol blue agar)

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26
Q

Differentiation test between B.anthracis and other Bacillus sp.

A

Lectin Agglutination Assays

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27
Q

Specimen used in B.cereus:

A

Blood, swab with pus, sputum, feces

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28
Q

Bacillus subtilis is also know as

A

Hay bacillus or grass bacillus

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29
Q

Gm +, catalase positive, bacterium commonly found in soil, obligate aerobe, rod shaped and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Common lab contaminant.

A

Bacillus subtilis

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30
Q

An intesticide

A

Bacillus thurgiensis

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31
Q

Strictly anaerobe/some are aerotolerant; catalase negative.

A

Clostridium

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32
Q

All are motile (Peri) except:

A

C. Perfringens, C.ramosum, C.inocuum

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33
Q

All have swollen spores except:

A

C.perfringens, C.bifermentans

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34
Q

All are non-encapsulated except:

A

C.perfringens

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35
Q

All are lactose + except:

A

C.perfringens and C.septicum

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36
Q

All are sucrose + except:

A

C.perfringens

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37
Q

All are single hemolytic except:

A

C.perfringens (double hemolysis)

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38
Q

All are dextrose + except;

A

C.histolyticum; C.tetani

39
Q

Biochem test for clostridium; Lecithinase C Activity +:

A

C.perfringens, C.noyvi, C.sordeli

40
Q

Biochem test for clostridium: Lipass hyrdolysis +:

A

C.noyvi, C.botulinum

41
Q

Biochem test for clostridium: Lactose fermentation +:

A

C.perfringens;C.septicum

42
Q

Biochem test for clostridium: proteinase activity +:

A

C.sordeli, C.botulinum, C. Histolyticum

43
Q

Common name of clostridium perfringens.

A

Frankel’s bacillus

44
Q

Small gm + plum rods;NM, with oval or sub terminal spores. Lecithinase/Nagler Reaction +; Reverse CAMP ; Ferments glucose, maltose, sucrose and fructose.

A

Clostridium perfringens

45
Q

Cultural characteristics:

Exhibits Nagler’s production.

A

Lecithvottelin Reaction.

+: result of zone of halo opacity around colonies in the side

46
Q

Cultural characteristics of C.perfringens: on BAP

A

Double zone of hemolysis or target hemolysis

47
Q

Cultural characteristics of C.perfringens:

A

Causes stormy fermentation of milk due to excessive production of gas.

48
Q

Makes use of starch and raffinose.

A

Duncan and strong medium

49
Q

Best sporulating medium

A

Tortora medium

50
Q

Types of infection:

A

Necrotic enteritis or fire in the bowel
Food poisoning
Gas gangrene

51
Q

Diagnosis of C.perfringens.

A

Swab from lesion and culture
Microscopic exam
Culture of pus

52
Q

Causative agent of tetanus. M with round and terminal spore giving rise to drumstick, lollipop and tennis racket. Gelatinase and INDOLE +; Lecithinase and lipase -. Produced tetanolysin and tetanospamin.

A

Clostridium tetani

53
Q

Classic symptom is Trismus or lockjaw

54
Q

Peculiar smile of tetanus

A

Rises Sandonicus

55
Q

Ganglia site binds of the tetanospamin

A

Wasserman takaki phenomenon

56
Q

C.tetani on BAP:

A

Initially alpha then beta hemolytic

57
Q

Pathogenesis of C.tetani

A

Fever, pain, lockjaw, sardonic smile, spasm

58
Q

Diagnosis of C.tetani

A

Culture

Secretion of lesion- BAP, Thyoglycolate

59
Q

Prevention of C.tetani

A

Active immune with toxoid

60
Q

Common name of clostridium botulinum

A

Canned good bacilli or Von Ermengen’s bacilli

61
Q

Motile, pleomorphic with oval and subterminal spore. Causative agent of botulism. Canned goods. Lipase +; Lecithinase and INDOLE -; ferments glucose but not lactose or Xylose

A

Clostridium botulinum

62
Q

C.botulinum on BAP

A

Alpha hemolytic

63
Q

Culture of C.botulinum

A

Chopped meat or BA medium

64
Q

7 toxigenic type: bass on antigentically distinct toxin

A

Type A B C D E F G

65
Q

Human botulism

66
Q

Birds and other mammals

67
Q

Pathogenesis of C.botulinum

A

Food intoxication/Food poisoning/Food infection

68
Q

Common name for Cornyebacterium.

A

Klebloeffler’s bacillus

69
Q

NM, NS, NE Aerobic of facultative anaerobe, catalas +.Straight or slightly curved with one end typically swollen. Pleomorphic, globular, bar shaped, club shaped, Gram +, AFD. Pathogens only to human; stains irregularly and contains deeply stained. Metachromatic granules “Babes-Ernst granules”. Chinese letter or character appearance or picket fence appearance.

A

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

70
Q

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae on BAP.

A

Organism with a tendency to lie parallel to each other at right angles forming V and L shape produces narrow zone of hemolysis.

71
Q

Potassium tellurite on Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

A

Grayish colonies

72
Q

C.diphtheriae form brown halo

A

Tinsdale medium

73
Q

Stimulates growth and distinctive morphologyon C.diphtheriae

A

Egg and Serum Medium

74
Q

Enhanced pleomorphism- white or gray poached egg on C.diphtheriae

A

Loaffler’s serum slant

75
Q

Inhibits gm - and + bacteria while enhancing the growth of Cornyebacterium.

A

Cysteine Tellurite Blood Agar

76
Q

Fine granules deposit at the bottom with clear supernate and a thin pellicle formation at the surface on C.diphtheriae

77
Q

Small, moist, smooth, slightly raised, grayish colonies with entire margin on C.diphtheriae

A

Loaffler’s serum

78
Q

Grayish black colonies on C.diphtheriae

A

Egg medium

79
Q

Gun metal gray colonies with brown halo on C.diphtheriae

A

Cystine tellurite medium

80
Q

Enhances Pleomorphism and granule formation on C.diphtheriae

A

Pai’s Coagulated Egg Medium

81
Q

Acute communicable disease manifested by: Local Infection
Systematic effects
Cutaneous diphtheria
Endocarditis

A

Diphtheria

82
Q

Diagnostic feature of Diphtheria and most pathogenic sign of Diphtheria.

A

Pseudo membrane formation

83
Q

+: redness and swelling; susceptibility test for Diphtheria.

A

Schick’s test

84
Q

A gel diffusion test med of Diphtheria.

A

Protease Peptone Agar also known as outerlony tech.

85
Q

Largest colony type, large and flag, dark gray and have irregular edges

86
Q

With fried egg appearance on BAP

87
Q

Small and black

A

Intermedius

88
Q

Pathogenesis of Diphtheria.

A

Toxin is absorbed-destruction of cell-inflammatory response- formation of pseudo membrane - bleeding - edema

89
Q

Specimens used in Diphtheria

A

Nose and throat swab

90
Q

Positive result of vitro toxigenecity test

A

Lines of precipitation

91
Q

Positive result of Vivo toxigenecity test

A

Death of unprotected guinea pig

92
Q

Formerly know as C.ovis; associated with horses

A

C.pseudotuberculosis

93
Q

Causative agent of erythrema

A

C.minutissimum

94
Q

Mastitis in Cattles; respiratory pathogen in man and other higher animals; produces a diphtheria like toxin and diphtheria like infection in man.

A

Cornyebacterium ulcerans

Microbiology (7 decks)

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