Gram Postive Bacilli Flashcards by Colleen Gutierrez

Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore: Ellipsoidal and does not cause swelling.

Group 1.

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General Characteristics: 
Sporeformer (central spore)
Strictly aerobic/Facultative Anaerobe
Catalase positive
M except B.anthracis; Thermophilic

Bacillus

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Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore:has large cell more than 0.9 um.

Subgroup 1: B.anthracis, B.cerues, B.megaterium, B.thuringiensis

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Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore: has small cell less than 0.9 um.

Subgroup 2: B.subtilis, B.coagulans, B.pumilus

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Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spores: oval shaped and are swollen.

Group 2: B.stearothermophilus, B.polymxa, B.circulans

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Classification of bacillus based on the location and shape of the spore: circular shape and are swollen. Most fastidious and has complex nutrition.

Group 3: B.sphaericus, B.panthothenicus.

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On 5% sheep’s blood agar, B.cereus are:

Alpha or beta hemolytic with lavander color.

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Other Bacillus sp. appear as:

Large, flat and dull with a ground glass appearance.

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Bacillus infection: involves the eye (Keratitis, conjunctivitis, orbital abscess)

Local Infection

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Bacillus infection: infection with other organisms (wound, burnt)

Mixed infection

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Bacillus infection: organism cultured from blood and CSF (meninggitis, bacteremia)

Disseminated infection

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Common name of Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax Bacillus

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Most virulent human pathogen in this genus. Large, NM, encapsulated, gm. (+) with square ends forming long chains. With oval, central or sub terminal spore not swollen. Disjointed bamboo fishing rod appearance.

Bacillus anthracis

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Cultural characteristics of B.anthracis on BAP:

Non-hemolytic; with comma shaped growths described as Medusa head colony or lion head or cut-glass appearance or comet tail.

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Cultural characteristics of B.anthracis on med. containing small amount of penicillin:

Organism can still grow but will produce similar string of pearl.

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Cultural characteristics of B.anthracis on gelatin medium:

Inverted Fir Tree or Inverted Chrismtas Tree; produce acid from glucose, maltose and sucrose

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Diseases of Bacillus anthracis:

Anthrax, Silberian Fever, Black Bair

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Cutaneous anthrax or malignant pustule; skin contract

External

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Internal: transmitted by inhalation of spore while handling wool; woolsorter’s disease or ragpicker’s disease.

Pulmonary

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Internal: ingestion of improperly cooked infected meat.

Intestinal anthracis or violent enteritis

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Laboratory DX of Bacillus anthracis: stained smears:

Macfadyeau’s method

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Laboratory DX of Bacillus anthracis: culture m;

PLET Medium ( Polymixin, Lysozyme, Disodium EDTA, Thallou acetate)

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Laboratory DX of Bacillus anthracis: the extracts if infected tissue show a ring of ppt when layered over immuned serum. Diagnosis precipitin test for B.anthracis.

Ascoli Test

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Common name of Bacillus cereus.

Fried rice bacillus.

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2nd most virulent human pathogen. They are called anthrax-like or pseudoanthrax bacilli; NE, M, beta-hemolytic. Most resistant species.

Bacillus cereus

Appear as rough, dry and cremated with distinct bright blue color.

PEEMBA Medium (Polymixin pyruvate-egg-yolk-mannitol-brom Thymol blue agar)

Differentiation test between B.anthracis and other Bacillus sp.

Lectin Agglutination Assays

Specimen used in B.cereus:

Blood, swab with pus, sputum, feces

Bacillus subtilis is also know as

Hay bacillus or grass bacillus

Gm +, catalase positive, bacterium commonly found in soil, obligate aerobe, rod shaped and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Common lab contaminant.

Bacillus subtilis

An intesticide

Bacillus thurgiensis

Strictly anaerobe/some are aerotolerant; catalase negative.

Clostridium

All are motile (Peri) except:

C. Perfringens, C.ramosum, C.inocuum

All have swollen spores except:

C.perfringens, C.bifermentans

All are non-encapsulated except:

C.perfringens

All are lactose + except:

C.perfringens and C.septicum

All are sucrose + except:

C.perfringens

All are single hemolytic except:

C.perfringens (double hemolysis)

All are dextrose + except;

C.histolyticum; C.tetani

Biochem test for clostridium; Lecithinase C Activity +:

C.perfringens, C.noyvi, C.sordeli

Biochem test for clostridium: Lipass hyrdolysis +:

C.noyvi, C.botulinum

Biochem test for clostridium: Lactose fermentation +:

C.perfringens;C.septicum

Biochem test for clostridium: proteinase activity +:

C.sordeli, C.botulinum, C. Histolyticum

Common name of clostridium perfringens.

Frankel's bacillus

Small gm + plum rods;NM, with oval or sub terminal spores. Lecithinase/Nagler Reaction +; Reverse CAMP ; Ferments glucose, maltose, sucrose and fructose.

Clostridium perfringens

Cultural characteristics: | Exhibits Nagler's production.

Lecithvottelin Reaction. | +: result of zone of halo opacity around colonies in the side

Cultural characteristics of C.perfringens: on BAP

Double zone of hemolysis or target hemolysis

Cultural characteristics of C.perfringens:

Causes stormy fermentation of milk due to excessive production of gas.

Makes use of starch and raffinose.

Duncan and strong medium

Best sporulating medium

Tortora medium

Types of infection:

Necrotic enteritis or fire in the bowel Food poisoning Gas gangrene

Diagnosis of C.perfringens.

Swab from lesion and culture Microscopic exam Culture of pus

Causative agent of tetanus. M with round and terminal spore giving rise to drumstick, lollipop and tennis racket. Gelatinase and INDOLE +; Lecithinase and lipase -. Produced tetanolysin and tetanospamin.

Clostridium tetani

Classic symptom is Trismus or lockjaw

Tetanus

Peculiar smile of tetanus

Rises Sandonicus

Ganglia site binds of the tetanospamin

Wasserman takaki phenomenon

C.tetani on BAP:

Initially alpha then beta hemolytic

Pathogenesis of C.tetani

Fever, pain, lockjaw, sardonic smile, spasm

Diagnosis of C.tetani

Culture | Secretion of lesion- BAP, Thyoglycolate

Prevention of C.tetani

Active immune with toxoid

Common name of clostridium botulinum

Canned good bacilli or Von Ermengen's bacilli

Motile, pleomorphic with oval and subterminal spore. Causative agent of botulism. Canned goods. Lipase +; Lecithinase and INDOLE -; ferments glucose but not lactose or Xylose

Clostridium botulinum

C.botulinum on BAP

Alpha hemolytic

Culture of C.botulinum

Chopped meat or BA medium

7 toxigenic type: bass on antigentically distinct toxin

Type A B C D E F G

Human botulism

Type ABEF

Birds and other mammals

Type CD

Pathogenesis of C.botulinum

Food intoxication/Food poisoning/Food infection

Common name for Cornyebacterium.

Klebloeffler's bacillus

NM, NS, NE Aerobic of facultative anaerobe, catalas +.Straight or slightly curved with one end typically swollen. Pleomorphic, globular, bar shaped, club shaped, Gram +, AFD. Pathogens only to human; stains irregularly and contains deeply stained. Metachromatic granules "Babes-Ernst granules". Chinese letter or character appearance or picket fence appearance.

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae on BAP.

Organism with a tendency to lie parallel to each other at right angles forming V and L shape produces narrow zone of hemolysis.

Potassium tellurite on Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

Grayish colonies

C.diphtheriae form brown halo

Tinsdale medium

Stimulates growth and distinctive morphologyon C.diphtheriae

Egg and Serum Medium

Enhanced pleomorphism- white or gray poached egg on C.diphtheriae

Loaffler's serum slant

Inhibits gm - and + bacteria while enhancing the growth of Cornyebacterium.

Cysteine Tellurite Blood Agar

Fine granules deposit at the bottom with clear supernate and a thin pellicle formation at the surface on C.diphtheriae

Small, moist, smooth, slightly raised, grayish colonies with entire margin on C.diphtheriae

Loaffler's serum

Grayish black colonies on C.diphtheriae

Egg medium

Gun metal gray colonies with brown halo on C.diphtheriae

Cystine tellurite medium

Enhances Pleomorphism and granule formation on C.diphtheriae

Pai's Coagulated Egg Medium

Acute communicable disease manifested by: Local Infection Systematic effects Cutaneous diphtheria Endocarditis

Diphtheria

Diagnostic feature of Diphtheria and most pathogenic sign of Diphtheria.

Pseudo membrane formation

+: redness and swelling; susceptibility test for Diphtheria.

Schick's test

A gel diffusion test med of Diphtheria.

Protease Peptone Agar also known as outerlony tech.

Largest colony type, large and flag, dark gray and have irregular edges

Gravis

With fried egg appearance on BAP

Mitis

Small and black

Intermedius

Pathogenesis of Diphtheria.

Toxin is absorbed-destruction of cell-inflammatory response- formation of pseudo membrane - bleeding - edema

Specimens used in Diphtheria

Nose and throat swab

Positive result of vitro toxigenecity test

Lines of precipitation

Positive result of Vivo toxigenecity test

Death of unprotected guinea pig

Formerly know as C.ovis; associated with horses

C.pseudotuberculosis

Causative agent of erythrema

C.minutissimum

Mastitis in Cattles; respiratory pathogen in man and other higher animals; produces a diphtheria like toxin and diphtheria like infection in man.

Cornyebacterium ulcerans