Non Fermantative Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards
Positive open tube; negative close tube. Non fermenter = Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes
Oxidizer or oxidative
Positive both open and close tubes. Fermenters = coliform organisms. E.coli
Fermentative (yellow color)
Can only use CHO only in the presence of air
Acinetobacter, stenotrophomonas
Both negative in open and close tubes
Non oxider
Unable to utilize CHO in the absence or presence of air
Non-saccharolytic
Sealed remains green, if unsealed becomes yellow
Oxidative fermentation
Slight yellowish on top of both tubes
Oxidative or slow fermentation
Widely R to most antibiotics; obligate aerobe, straight gram -, NS, catalase and oxidase +, metabolism is respiratory
Pseudomonas
Growth at 35C
+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pseudomonas flavescens
Cetrimide test at 35C for 7 days
+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Escherichia Coli
Litmus milk test at 35c for 7 days
Acid - pink (E. Faecium) - coagulate casein
Alkaline - blue dot ( A. Faecaelis)
RNA morphology group of pseudomonas: RNA group 1
The fluorescens group: P. Aeruginosa, P. Fluorescens and P. Putida
The Stutzeri group: P. Stutzeri and P. Mendocina
The Alcaligenes group: P. Alcaligenes and P. Pseudoalcaligenes
RNA morphology group of pseudomonas: RNA group 2
The Pseudomallei group: P. Mallei, P. Pseudomallei and P. Cepacia
RNA morphology group of pseudomonas: RNA group 3
The Acidovorans group: P.acidovorans and P. Testosteroni
RNA morphology group of pseudomonas: RNA group 4
The Diminuta Group: P. Diminuta and P. Vesiculare
RNA morphology group of pseudomonas: RNA group 5
Xanthomonas ( Pseudomonas) maltophila
Used to detect organism type of action of CHO; commonly used by Pseudomonas; oxidize sugars in low levels, oxidase +, can grow in any lactose medium, motile. This test is designed to differentiate bacteria on the basis of fermentative or oxidative metabolism of CHO
Oxidative Fermentative Medium
Promotes anaerobic group due to true fermentation, incubate then add mineral oil.
Closed OF Medium
No mineral oil is added to allow aerobic growth and oxidation, changes are due to oxidative utilization of CHO present. Stab then incubate.
Open OF medium
pH indicator used:
Acid - yellow
Alkaline - blue
Bromythmol blue
MAC on Pseudomonas
NLF
Important member of Pseudomonas; Also known as Agent of blue pus and previously known as Bacillus pyocyaneus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Morphology of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
NS; NE; Motile (monotrichous) except B.mallei; aerobic with pili
Oppurtunistic pathogen of P.aeruginosa
Utilizes glucose oxidatively, oxidase + except S.maltophila, growth at 42C, Cetrimide +, NO3 +, Acetamide +
Causative agent of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Swimmer’s rash or ear; dermatitis “Jacuzzi or hot tub syndrome” and erythema gangrenosum, contact lens infection
Virulence factors of P.aeruginosa
Exotoxin A, endotoxins, slime polysaccharide, elastase and alkaline protease, alginate pilli.
Cultural characteristics of P.aeruginosa on BAP
Large flat colonies with ground glass appearance and a zone of hemolysis which is a beta hemolysis, bluish green pigment
2 distinct hemolysin of P. Aeruginosa
Heat labile phospholipase a
Heat stable glycolipid
Turquoise blue phenazine pigment which acts as antibiotic inhibiting growth of other org. Soluble in water, chloroform.
Pyocyanin
Water soluble; pyoverdin produces a yellowish green tinge
Flourescein
Red
Pyorubin
Brown
Pyomelanin
Bluish green.
Pyochelin
Green
Pyoverdin
Colonies of P.aeruginosa tends to give off what?
Musty odor
Pathogenecity of P. Aeruginosa
Lipopolysaccharide, endotoxins, Exotoxin A and S. Phosphorylase Chemolysin, cytotoxin- leukocidin
Gram stain of P. Aeruginosa
Straight and slender rods
BAP, CAP, MAC and Seller’s medium in P.aerugionosa
Mucoid colonies; good growth at 42C.
Fluorescein but not a pyocyanin; no growth at 42C; causes UTI, Bacteria and wound infection
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Brown (buff colored) wrinkled colonies, NLF, 6.5% NaCl+
Pseudomonas Stutzeri
K/K with H2S, NLF, oxidase+
Shewanella putrefaeciens
Differentiating test that will seperate Burkholderia + and Stenotrophomonas -.
Oxidase test
Generally non pathogenic, involved in human with heavy contaminated medical devices. Aerobic, oxidase +, catalase +, NS, motile except B.mallei
Burkholderia
Species of Burkholderia
B.mallei, B.galliodis, B.pseudomallei and B.cepacia
2 cause of cystic fibrosis. Causes foot rot to man, septicemia and pneumonia. Survives well in hospital environment, soil, plants, water and disinfectant. Earthy or dirty like odor. Oxidase and LDC+, motile and drug resistant. Pigment is yellow to yellow green. Previously know as P.kingii and P.multivorodans
Burkholderia cepacia
Former known as P.mallei and common name is Whitmore’s bacillus. Cocoid-rod shaped, oxidase -, unable to grow at 42C, NM.
Burkholderia mallei
Occasionally transmitted to man, horse’s disease
Glanders
Formerly know as P.pseudomallei. Causes melliodis, septicemial glanders like disease, said to emit the earthy odors. Growth at 42C, M. Known as Vietnamese Time bomb
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Media used in B.pseudomallei, which gives a dry, wrinkled, violet colonies
Ashdown culture medium
Formerly known as Xanthophomonas mallei, not part of the human flora, maltose loving bacteria, Motile, utilizes glucose and maltose aerobically only. Grows on 42c, DNase - and OF +/-, colonized the burnt skin
Stenotrophomonas mallei
BAP on Stenotrophomonas mallei
Lavender- green to light purple pigment with ammonia cal smell
Motile, oxidase +, non fermantative , NLF, isolated in water and soil including hospital environment, acquired thru contaminated medical device and solution, feather edged colonies.
Alcaligenes faecalis
BAP on Alcaligenes faecalis
Surrounded by a zone of green discoloration, alpha-hemolytic. Smell resembles apple or strawberries
Member of the neisseriaceae family. Oxidase -, catalase+, NM, Mac-, grm-plump diplococci, + glucose medium, strict aerobe, - in nitrite test, cause UTI, wound and diarrhea. Acquired thru contaminated medical devices
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Varieties of A.calcoaceticus: acid strains
A.calcoaceticus var anitratum (Herellea vagnicola)
Varieties of A.calcoaceticus: non-acid strains
A.calcoaceticus var lwoffi (Mima polymorpha)
Glucose oxidizing , non hemolytic (oxidizer)
A.baumaii
Difference between A.lwoffi and N.gonorrhea
Is that A.lwoffi can grow on both EMB and Mac
Coccobacilli, NLF, can grow on urethra
Oligella
Oligella on BAP
Small opaque colonies
NM, urea hydrolysis - and oxidase +
Oligella urethralis
Motile, urea hyrdolysis and oxidase -
Oligella ureolytica
Medium to long straight rods, oxidase, DNase, gelatin hyrdolysis and INDOLE +; NM
Chrysebacterium
Before it was know as what? That may be transmitted from birth canal to neonate, may enscapulated, may cause UTI endocarditis and bacteremia
Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) meningosepticum
Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) meningosepticum on BAP and CAP
Yellowish pigment
New name of Chryseobacterium
Elizabethkingia meningosepticum
Common name is Morax-Axenfeld; agent of blephanoconjunctivitis/angular conjunctivitis. Coccobacilli to medium rod, catalase +z
Moraxnella lacunata
Moraxalle lacunata on MAC
No growth
Normal flora of the Moraxella lacunata that inhibits the mucous membranes
Nose, throat, other parts of the URT and conjunctiva
Oxidase +, catalas +, NM; grm-coccobacilli , asaccharolytic
Moraxella osloensis
Differentiation test of Moraxella osloensis - and Neisseria gonorrhea +
CTA ( Cystine Tripticase Agar)
Oxidase +
Alcaligenes, flavobacterium, Moraxella, kingella, eikenella
Oxidase -
Acinetobacter
Catalase +
Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Moraxella
Catalase -
Kingella, eikenella
