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Alimentary > Small Mammal GI Disease > Flashcards

Small Mammal GI Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What type of GI tract do small herbivores have?

A

Hindgut fermenter

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2
Q

What does caecotrophy mean?

A

Food must go through gut twice to get maimum nutritional value therefore animals must eat caecotrophs (faecal balls coated in mucus).

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3
Q

Which small mammal species cannot vomit?

A

Rabbits and rodents

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4
Q

There are two types of fibre needed in a small mammal diet, what are they and why are they needed?

A

Indigestible fibre - stimulates gut motility and dental wear

Digestible fibre - fermented by GI bacteria to produce fatty acids

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5
Q

What part of the GI tract controls large intestinal motility in small mammals?

A

Fusus coli

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6
Q

What does the fusus coli do?

A

Separates indigestible and digestible fibre. Sends digestible back to caecum for fermentation.

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7
Q

What nutritional elements do caecotrophs provide?

A

microbial protein, fatty acids and vit B & K

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8
Q

What do rodents need supplementing?

A

Vit B

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9
Q

Which antibiotics can kill rodents and rabbits if given orally?

A 
Penicllins
Lincosamides
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Eyrthromycin
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10
Q

Is gut stasis serious in hindgut fermenters?

A

YES - can be fatal

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11
Q

What are some causes or influencing factors on gut stasis?

A 
Stress
Dehydration 
Anorexia
Pain
Toxin Ingestion
Insufficent Fibre
Primary GI Disease
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12
Q

What are the 5 stages of stabilising a rabbit with gut stasis?

A 
Warmth
Fluid Therapy
Nutrition
Gut Stimulants
Analgesia
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13
Q

What is a normal temperature for a rabbit?

A

38 - 39.5 Degrees C

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14
Q

What is maintenance fluids for a rabbit?

A

<100ml/kg/day

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15
Q

If you are giving SQ fluids to a rabbit what should you do to make it more effective?

A

Warm

Add hyaluronidase

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16
Q

What are the nutritional needs of a rabbit with gut stasis?

A

50ml/kg/ day split into 3-5 feeds

17
Q

What 3 different gut stimulants can you use in gut stasis?

A

Metoclop
Ranitidine
Cisapride

18
Q

How does Metaclop work in gut stasis?

A

prokinetic effects due to ACh release
works on oesophagus, stomach and small intestine
No/little effect on colon

19
Q

How does Ranitidine work in gut stasis?

A

AChesterase inhibition
Works on proximal GI but also on colon (maybe)
MOST USEFUL

20
Q

How does cisapride work in gut stasis?

A

works on seratonin receptors to indirectly stimulate Ach release
more potent than metaclop
works on oesophagus, stomach and small intestine

21
Q

Which modes of analgesia can be used in gut stasis?

A

NSAIDS

Opiods

22
Q

Which is the NSAID of choice in Gut Stasis?

A

Meloxicam

  • must be hydrated
  • consider using gastroprotectants with this
23
Q

What is the Opiod of choice in Gut Stasis?

A

Bupe

24
Q

DDx for diarrhoea in small mammals

A 
Cocci
Diet
Antimicrobial Use
Post Weaning
Bacterial Enteritis
Viral Enteritis

Alimentary (12 decks)

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