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Alimentary > Farm Animal Diarrhoea > Flashcards

Farm Animal Diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

Name some pathogens that can cause diarrhoea in young calves?

A 
E.coli
Rotavirus
Coronavirus
Cryptosporidium
Salmonella
Cocci
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2
Q

What are the 3 types of disease E.coli can cause?

A 
Extra-intestinal Infection (colisepticaemia)
Enteric Disease (ETEC)
Public Health (STEC)
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3
Q

What does ETEC stand for?

A

Enterotoxic E.coli

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4
Q

What is the typical age for a calf to get an E.coli infection?

A

1-5 days

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5
Q

What are the two types of toxin that E.coli posses?

A

LT (Labile)

ST (Stable)

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6
Q

Which is the often zoonoitc serotype of E.coli?

A

STEC 0157:H7

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7
Q

What age does rotavirus infection typically occur in calves?

A

1-3 weeks

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8
Q

Which parts of the GI Tract does rotavirus affect?

A

Dueodenum and Jejunum

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9
Q

What age does coronavirus infection typically occur in calves?

A

7-22 days

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10
Q

Which virus has a higher mortalilty rate in calf scours, corona or rota?

A

Coronavirus

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11
Q

Which parts of the GI Tract does coronavirus affect?

A

ileum, caecum, colon

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12
Q

Is salmonella zoonotic?

A

YES

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13
Q

Which bacteria is always significant on faecal culture, salmonella or E.coli?

A

Salmonella

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14
Q

Which diarrhoea causing bacteria is reportable?

A

Salmonella

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15
Q

At what age can salmonella infections affect cattle?

A

ANY AGE

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16
Q

At what age does cyrpto usually cause clinical signs in calves?

A

5-14days

17
Q

Why is cyrpto not usually seen in older cows?

A

Resistance develops

18
Q

By what mechanism does crypto cause diarrhoea?

A

villous atrophy causes malabsorption

19
Q

At what age is cocci usually seen in calves?

A

> 3weeks

20
Q

What clinical signs can be associated with cocci?

A

blood stained faeces

tenesmus

21
Q

When investigating an outbreak of scours which animals do you need to test?

A

Healthy and affected

22
Q

How much more likely are calves without good colostral status likely to die that calves with a good status?

A

4x

23
Q

What management and environmental factors can affect calves getting scours?

A

Hygeine
Feeding
Deep Litter
Drafts

24
Q

Name some causes of diarrhoea in the growing / adolescent animal

A

Endoparasites - ostertagia, cocci, fluke
Nutritional - rumen acidosis, copper deficiency
Infectious - salmonella, mucosal disease

25
Q

Name some causes of diarrhoea in the adult animal

A

Infectious - Johnes (MAP), Salmonella, Coronavirus
Nutritional - SARA
Parasitic - Fluke, Ostertagia

26
Q

What is the treatment for Johnes?

A

No tx - need to cull out

27
Q

How can you avoid and manage Johnes on a farm?

A 
Avoid pooled colosturm
Test before buying in / closed herd
Dont spread slurry
Cull
Snatch calving
28
Q

Which test would you use to diagnose Johnes?

A

ELISA (blood)

29
Q

Apart from the blood test which other test can you use to diagnose Johnes?

A

Milk Test

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