SM_188a: Development

Question 1

Nephron tubules, Bowman’s capsule, and the podocytes develop from the _______

Answer 1

Nephron tubules, Bowman’s capsule, and the podocytes develop from the metanephric mesenchyme

Question 2

Renal vasculature develops from ______

Answer 2

Renal vasculature develops from endothelial progenitors

Question 3

Collecting ducts, collecting system, and ureter develop from the ______

Answer 3

Collecting ducts, collecting system, and ureter develop from the ureteric bud

Question 4

Urinary bladder develops from the _____

Answer 4

Urinary bladder develops from the cloaca

Question 5

Describe the iterations of the kidney

Answer 5

1. Pronephros
2. Mesonephros
3. Metanephros

Question 6

Primitive kidneys are ______ and ______

Answer 6

Primitive kidneys are pronephros and mesonephros

Question 7

_______ is the permanent kidney

Answer 7

Metanephros is the permanent kidney

Question 8

Metanephros is composed of the ______ and ______

Answer 8

Metanephros is composed of the metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud

Question 9

Metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud arise from the _______

Answer 9

Metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud arise from the intermediate mesoderm

(both form the metanephros)

Question 10

Metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to ______ that subsequently develop into ______, ______, and ______

Answer 10

Metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to nephron progenitor cells that subsequently develop into the nephron tubules, Bowman’s capsule, and podocytes

Question 11

Ureteric bud gives rise to ______, ______, ______, and ______

Answer 11

Ureteric bud gives rise to the collecting ducts, calyces, pelvis, and ureter

Question 12

Kidneys develop from the _____ layer of the embryo

Answer 12

Kidneys develop from the intermediate mesoderm layer of the embryo

Question 13

Ureteric bud branches and gives rise to ______ via ______

Answer 13

Ureteric bud branches and gives rise to collecting system via branching morphogenesis

Question 14

Nephron develops from the ______

Answer 14

Nephron develops from the metanephric mesenchyme

Question 15

Describe the evolution of the nephron

Answer 15

1. Renal vesicle
2. Comma shape body
3. S-shaped body
4. Capillary loop

Question 16

Renal agenesis results from faulty development of _____

Answer 16

Renal agenesis results from faulty development of intermediate mesoderm

Question 17

Eagle Barret syndrome includes ______, ______, and ______

Answer 17

Eagle Barret syndrome includes undescended testes (bilateral cryptorchidism), poor development of the abdominal muscles, and bilateral hydronephrosis

(massive urinary tract malformations cause chronic kidney disease)

Question 18

Potter sequence includes ______, ______, and ______

Answer 18

Potter sequence includes flat facies, clubfeet, and polyhydramnios

(causes bilateral renal agenesis, major cause of death is lung hypoplasia)

Question 19

Abnormal ascent of the kidney may result in ______ and ______

Answer 19

Abnormal ascent of the kidney may result in horseshoe kidney and pelvic kidney

Question 20

Cyst in the midline below the umbilicus might be a remnant of the ______

Answer 20

Cyst in the midline below the umbilicus might be a remnant of the allantois

Question 21

Metanephros is made of ______ and ______

Answer 21

Metanephros is made of nephrogenic cord and nephric duct

• Nephrogenic cord -> metanephric mesenchyme -> nephron tubules, Bowman’s capsule, and podocytes
• Nephric duct -> ureteric bud -> collecting duct and collecting system

Question 22

_______ -> metanephric mesenchyme -> nephron tubules, Bowman’s capsule, and podocytes

Answer 22

Nephrogenic cord -> metanephric mesenchyme -> nephron tubules, Bowman’s capsule, and podocytes

Question 23

______ -> ureteric bud -> collecting duct and collecting system

Answer 23

Nephric duct -> ureteric bud -> collecting duct and collecting system

Question 24

______ -> renal vesicle -> comma-shaped body -> S-shaped body -> distal tubule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, podocytes

Answer 24

Nephron progenitors -> renal vesicle -> comma-shaped body -> S-shaped body -> distal tubule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, podocytes