SM50_ConnectiveTissue

Question 1

Defining physical feature and functional features of connective tissue

Answer 1

Physical: cells separated from one another and surrounded by an extracellular matrix Functional: support, medium for nutrient/gas exchanged, fat storage, protection, healing and remodeling

Question 2

What embryologic cell layer is connective tissue derived from? What is the name for embryologic connective tissue?

Answer 2

Mesoderm, mesenchyme

Question 3

Composition of basal lamina (basement membrane)

Answer 3

collagen, laminin, other glycoproteins

Question 4

Function (3 things) of basement membrane

Answer 4

Separated epithelial cells from underlying connective tissue, surrounds some types of cells, separates layers of cells

Question 5

Types of connective tissue proper (support tissue)

Answer 5

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular connective tissue, adipose tissue

Question 6

Ground substance

Answer 6

protein and polysaccharide matrix forming the extracellular matrix of connective tissue

Question 7

Properties of loose connective tissue

Answer 7

1. Many diff cell types with relatively fewer fibers 2. Often has high fat content (superficial fascia under skin) 3. “Packing material” 4. High amount of ground substance (appearance of empty space under microscope)

Question 8

Properties of dense connective tissue

Answer 8

1. Densely packed fibers (matrix of woven collagen fibers + elastin OR parallel collagen fibers 2. Two types: irregular - elastin; regular - parallel collagen fibers 3. Resistant to tension forces

Question 9

Reticular connective tissue properties

Answer 9

1. Branched, interconnecting meshwork in the loose connective tissue stroma 2. Location: lymphatic tissues and hematopoietic tissue 3. Reticular fibers are very fine collagen (type III fibers)

Question 10

Adipose tissue properties

Answer 10

1. Collection of adipocytes 2. Function: store energy and provide insulation and protection

Question 11

Types of specialized connective tissue

Answer 11

Cartilage, Bone, Blood

Question 12

Cells of connective tissue

Answer 12

Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts Macrophages Mast cells Plasma cells/lymphocytes/eosinophils Adipocytes

Question 13

Recognized pathogens and releases immune mediators

Answer 13

Mast cells

Question 14

Present antigens from ingested material to lymphocytes to help initiate immune responses

Answer 14

Macrophages

Question 15

Produce most of fiber and matrix component molecules

Answer 15

Fibroblasts

Question 16

Has secretory properties of fibroblasts and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells. Active in wound healing

Answer 16

Myofibroblasts

Question 17

Derived from fibroblasts. Contain large lipid droplet

Answer 17

Adipocytes

Question 18

Components of extracellular matrix

Answer 18

Fibers: -collagen -elastic fibers Ground substance: - -

Question 19

Properties of collagen

Answer 19

-most common fibrous protein in ECM. most abundant protein in humans -released from fibroblasts are procollagen -Consists of three protein chains wrapped in helical arrangement -acidophilic -stains pink in H&E-stains -requires vitamin C for proper formation of fibers

Question 20

Types of collagen

Answer 20

Type 1: 90% of collagens - in bone, skin, tendons, ligaments, cornea Types 1,2,3,5,9: fibrillar (protein chains assemble into fibrils) Types 5,6: form networks in basement membrane

Question 21

Mutations that affect type 1 collagen cause _____ ______

Answer 21

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 22

Properties of elastic fibers

Answer 22

1. Made up of elastin and microfibrils (fibrillin) and provides elasticity 2. Without fibrillin, elastin assembles into sheets, not fibers 3. Found in skin, lung, blood vessels, elastic cartilage, fetal tissues 4. Bc of random coiling, can be stretched and will return to original position

Question 23

Properties of elastin

Answer 23

1. Amorphous protein 2. Secreted from fibroblasts as a monomer, tropoelastin 3. Cross linked extracellularly and assembled as a scaffold of microfibrils

Question 24

Marfan’s syndrome is characterized by

Answer 24

a dysfunctional form of fibrillin

Question 25

Three major groups of ground substance molecules

Answer 25

1. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) - give connective tissue gel like quality 2. Proteoglycans 3. Multiadhesive glycoproteins

Question 26

Name of the longest GAG (thousands of sugar molecules)

Answer 26

hyaluronan

Question 27

How does GAG hydrate connective tissue?

Answer 27

Its negative charges bind water!

Question 28

Type of connective tissue

Answer 28

loose

Question 29

Type of connective tissue

Answer 29

Dense irregular

Question 30

Type of Connective Tissue

Answer 30

Dense regular

Question 31

Type of connective tissue

Answer 31

reticular