SM47_IntrosToHisto etc Flashcards
pre
4 types of tissues in body
Epithelium (epithelial tissue), connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue
Covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, forms glands
Epithelium
Underlies or supports the other three basic tissues, both structurally and functionally
Connective Tissue
Made up of contractile cells and is responsible for movement
Muscle Tissue
Receives, transmits, and integrates information from outside and inside the body to control the activities of the body
Nerve Tissue
Germ layers of the embryo
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
“Cause of the disease”
Etiology
“Sequence of biochemical and molecular events that occur in response to cell injury that give rise to disease”
Pathogenesis
“Structural alterations in cells or tissues that are either characteristic of a disease or diagnostic of an underlying etiology”
Morphological changes
When a tissue biopsy is performed to assist with a diagnosis of a patient
surgical pathology
Gross specimen
ew…. jk unprocessed specimen examined with the bare eye
Microscopic study of normal cells and tissues
Histology
Study of structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease
Pathology (encompasses all diagnostic laboratory tests performed for patient care)
In humans, anterior = _____ and posterior = _____
anterior = ventral; posterior = dorsal
In four legged animals, ventral = _____
inferior
Three planes of the body
Plane and axis of rotation for flexion/extension
Plane - saggital; axis - transverse
Plane and axis of rotation for abduction/adduction
coronal plane, anterior-posterior axis
Plane and axis of rotation for medial/lateral rotation
plane - horizontal; axis - vertical
Three body cavities
pleural, pericardial, peritoneal
Layers of the body wall
Superficial: skin & superficial fascia; Deep: deep investing fascia, skeletal muscle and bone, parietal pleura or peritoneum (depending on which body cavity it surrounds)
Skin consists of ___ and ___-
epithelial epidermis and dense, irregular connective tissue dermis
Superficial fascia (aka ______ fascia or _____) is ______________
Camper’s; hypodermis; loose connsective tissue with a high fat content
Deep investing fascia is called _______ over muscle and _____ over bone
epimysium (over muscle) and periosteum (over bone)
__________ nerves are the nerves that innervate tissues of the body wall.
Two major branches of these nerves:
____ and _____
which contribue to which pathways?
Spinal nerves –> dorsal rami –> posterior cutaneous nerves
Spinal nerves –> ventral rami –> anterior and lateral cutaneous nerves
plexus and brachial plexus definition
plexus = interconnecting series of nerves or blood vessels
brachial plexus = interconnecting ventral rami of spinal nerves that innervate the upper extremity
sheath of fascia wrapped around nerves, arteries, and veins that travel together
Neurovascular bundle
Septal thickenings of the superficial fascia that separate glandular or fatty lobules and attach the breast to the deep fascia
Suspensory ligaments (aka Cooper’s ligaments)
The _____ _____ _____ is in bundle with the thoracoacromial artery and vein
lateral pectoral nerve
The subclavian artery (under the clavicle) becomes the _________ artery (in the armpit) which becomes the ______ artery in the arm
subclavian, axillary, brachial
