SM MSK Anatomy - Upper Limb: Axilla, Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, Hand

Question 1

Which nerve might be injured by a fracture of the hook of the hamate?

Which functions would be compromised?

Answer 1

Ulnar nerve

• Finger abduction, adduction would be lost
  
  • Interossei
• Flexion of 3rd-5th MCP, extension of 3rd-5th PIP and DIP would be weakened
  
  • Lumbricals
• Thumb adduction
  
  • Adductor pollicis
• Sensation over the skin of the medial 1.5 fingers, palm, and dorsum
  
  • Cutaneous branches

Question 2

Damage to which nerve would result in pain or sensory loss on the medial side of the forearm?

Answer 2

Medial cutaneous nerve

Note - if a cutaneous nerve is damaged, there will be no motor loss because it is a cutaneous nerve

(superficial branch of the ulnar nerve)

Question 3

What structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 3

Long head of triceps brachii

Question 4

This image shows the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the arm

Which structure is labeled by #40?

Answer 4

Flexor digitorum profundus

(The only muscle that can flex the fingers at the DIP joints!)

Question 5

Identify #1:

What muscle attaches to #1?

Answer 5

1: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor attach here

Question 6

What is the function of the lumbricals of the hand?

What is their innervation?

Answer 6

Radialy deviate the fingers, flex MCP, extend PIP and DIP

Median nerve for 1-2

Ulnar nerve for 3-4

Question 7

Following a dog bite to the arm, a patient reports a loss of sensation over the 5th digit (pinkie). Cutaneous branches of which nerve may have been injured?

Answer 7

Cutaneous branches of the ulnar nerve

Question 8

When the arm is abducted 180 degrees, _____ degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula and ______ degrees occurs by rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint

Answer 8

When the arm is abducted 180 degrees, 60** degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula and **120 degrees occurs by rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint

The scapula and the humerus move in a 1:2 ratio

Question 9

What innervates adductor pollicis?

Answer 9

Ulnar nerve

If the median nerve (or recurrent branch of the median nerve) is damaged, the abductor pollicis brevis will no longer work; the thumb will be pressed against the hand by adductor policis

Question 10

Which muscles protract the scapula?

Answer 10

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

Question 11

Describe the structure labeled by #3

• Muscle:
• Function:
• Attachments:
• Innervation:

Answer 11

• Muscle: Brachioradialis
• Function: Flex the elbow
• Attachments: Humerus, distal radius
• Innervation: Radial nerve

Question 12

Which vein is labeled by #2?

Answer 12

Cephalic vein

(Empties into the axillary vein)

Question 13

A man suffering from entrapment of the ulnar nerve at the medial epicondyle gets a medial condylar osteotomy. During the procedure the muscular attachments to the medial epicondyle are accidentally cut. Which of the following muscles may have been damaged?

A) Supinator

B) Flexor carpi radialis

C) Brachioradialis

D) Extensor carpi ulnaris

E) Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 13

B) Flexor carpi radialis

Muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior forearm:

• Pronator teres (Creates the medial border of the cubital fossa)
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 14

Which structure is labeled by #11?

Answer 14

Ulnar nerve

Travels closely with the ulnar artery (17)

Question 15

Which nerve supplies the structures in purple (labeled #4)?

Answer 15

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

(A branch from the brachial plexus)

Question 16

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 16

Head of the ulna

Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.

Question 17

The vessels labeled by #4 most recently originated from which vessel?

Answer 17

Subscapular artery

(Posterior = circumflex scapular artery, anterior = thoracodorsal artery)

Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.

Question 18

Describe the muscle labeled by #6

• Muscle:
• Function:
• Attachments:
• Innervation:

Answer 18

• Muscle: Supinator
• Function: Supinate the forearm
• Attachments: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radius
• Innervation: Radial nerve

Question 19

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 19

Surgical neck of the humerus

Question 20

In the brachial plexus, the medial cord branches into the…

Answer 20

Ulnar and median nerves

Question 21

Describe the deltoid muscle

• Function:
• Innervation:
• Attachments

Answer 21

Deltoid

• Function: Arm abduction, flexion, internal rotation
• Innervation: Axiliary nerve (C5-C6)
• Attachments: Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine, humerus

Question 22

Together, the structures labeled #4 make up the…

Answer 22

Metacarpals

Fig. 11.5 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 23.2.

Question 23

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 23

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 24

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 24

Pronator quadratus

Question 25

Which vein is labeled by #2? How does it enter the deep venous system?

Answer 25

Basilic vein Empties into the brachial vein just above the cubital fossa

Question 26

Describe thumb flexion/extension Describe thrumb abduction/adduction Which muscles accomplish these movements?

Answer 26

Starting with the hand in anatomical position: * Flexion is moving the thumb across the palm * Flexor pollicis brevis (thenar compartment) * Flexor pollicis longus (anterior forearm) * Extension is the opposite of flexion * Extensor pollicis brevis (posterior forearm) * Extensor pollicis longus (posterior forearm) * Abduction is moving the thumb away from the palm * Abductor pollicis brevis (thenar compartment) * Abductor pollicis longus (posterior forearm) * Adduction is the opposite of abduction * Adductor pollicis (in the palm)

Question 27

In the brachial plexus, the lateral cord branches into the…

Answer 27

Musculocutaneous and median nerves

Question 28

Which bone is labeled by #7?

Answer 28

Radius (radial tuberosity)

Question 29

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 29

Medial head of triceps brachii

Question 30

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 30

Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 31

Which structure of the nervous system is labeled by #2?

Answer 31

Axillary nerve

Question 32

Which actions are controlled by the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 32

* Flexion * Shoulder * Elbow * Supination * Biceps brachii

Question 33

Which structure is labeled by #9?

Answer 33

Long head of triceps brachii

Question 34

Which muscle is labeled by #3? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 34

Biceps brachii, short head Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 35

Which joint in the body has the largest range of motion?

Answer 35

Glenohumeral joint Ball and socket joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid of the scapula

Question 36

List the visible muscles of the thenar compartment

Answer 36

* Abductor pollicis brevis (11) * Flexor pollicis brevis (13)

Question 37

Which muscles attach to the coracoid process?

Answer 37

Short head of biceps brachii Coracobrachialis

Question 38

Which muscles function to extend the wrist? Which nerve innervates these muscles?

Answer 38

* Wrist extension only * **Extensor carpi radialis** * Wrist and digit extension * **Extensor digitorum** * **Extensor pollicis** Radial nerve (posterior comartment of the forearm)

Question 39

Which structure is labeled by #7? What does it innervate?

Answer 39

Ulnar nerve * Anterior forearm * Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus * Hand * Intrinsic muscles of the hand

Question 40

Why do most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly?

Answer 40

The ligaments stabilizing the anterior part of the glenohumeral joint (SGHL, MGHL, IGHL) are very thin and lax - they don't provide much stability More stability is provided superiorly and posteriorly by the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles

Question 41

Which structure is labeled by #4? What is its innervation?

Answer 41

Triceps brachii (medial head) Radial nerve

Question 42

Describe teres major * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 42

Teres major * Function: **Internally rotate, adduct, extend the arm** * Attachments: **Scapula, humerus** (lesser tuberosity) * Innervation: **Subscapular nerve**

Question 43

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 43

Ulnar nerve (Ulnar artery is next to it, but the pointer doesn't quite reach)

Question 44

If a patient cannot abduct their shoulder, which nerve is most likely injured?

Answer 44

Axillary nerve

Question 45

Together, the structures labeled #3 make up the...

Answer 45

Proximal phalanges *Fig. 11.5 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 23.2.*

Question 46

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 46

Subscapularis Part of the rotator cuff of the shoulder

Question 47

Which structures are labeled by #2? * Artery: * Nerve:

Answer 47

* Artery: posterior humeral circumflex artery * Nerve: Axillary nerve

Question 48

Describe the structure of synovial tendon sheaths. What is their function?

Answer 48

* Structure * Visceral layer and parietal layer with synovial fluid in between * Mesotendons provide routes for blood vessles to get to tendons * Function * Reduce the friction between the tendon and the surrounding are as it moves

Question 49

Which muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 49

Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus

Question 50

Which cord from the brachial plexus forms the axillary nerve?

Answer 50

Posterior cord

Question 51

What structure is labeled by #9?

Answer 51

Latissimus dorsi

Question 52

Which vessel is labeled by #2?

Answer 52

Axillary artery * Right subclavian -\> Thoracoacromial (1) -\> Axillary (2) -\> Brachial (6)* * Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 53

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 53

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 54

Which bone is labeled by #1?

Answer 54

Humerus

Question 55

Which nerve supplies the structures in pink (labeled #3)?

Answer 55

Radial nerve (superficial branch) Note - the superficial branch of the radial nerve only gives cutanous supply to the hand; loss of this nerve in the hand will result in loss of sensation on the dorsal surface and over the thenar compartment, but no functional deficits

Question 56

Palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris have been removed. Which structure is labeled by #30? What is its function? Attachments? Innervation?

Answer 56

Flexor digitorum superficialis Flex the fingers at MCP and PIP Medial epicondyle of the humerus, middle phalanges 1-4 Median nerve

Question 57

Describe **t****eres minor** * Function: * Attachments: * Innervations:

Answer 57

**Teres minor** * Function: **External rotation,** weak adduction of the ar, * Attachments: **Scapula, greater tuberosity of the humerus** * Innervations: **Axillary nerve** Part of the rotator cuff

Question 58

Which structure is labeled by #10?

Answer 58

Radial artery

Question 59

Which structure is labeled by #2? What is its innervation?

Answer 59

Trapezius Innervated by cranial nerve XI

Question 60

Describe the posterior compartment of the forearm * Muscles: * Actions: * Nerve: * Atttachments:

Answer 60

Posterior component of the forearm * Muscles: * **Wrist extensors** - Extensor carpi radialis * **Wrist and digital extensors** - extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis * **Forearm supinator** - Supinator * **Thumb abductor** - Abductor pollicis longus * Actions: **Extension of the wrist and/or digits**, **supination of the forearm, abduction of the thumb** * Nerve: **Radial** **nerve** * Atttachments: **Lateral epicondyle of the humerus**

Question 61

Which nerve supplies the structures in yellow (labeled #1)?

Answer 61

Median nerve

Question 62

Which vein is labeled by #6?

Answer 62

Basilic vein

Question 63

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 63

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 64

Which ligament prevents the upward dislocation of the humerus?

Answer 64

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 65

Which articulation connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

Answer 65

Sternoclavicular joint The scapulothoracic articulation is free-floating; there are no attachments (not a true synovial joint)

Question 66

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 66

Supraspinatus Part of the rotator cuff

Question 67

Describe the structure labeled by #17 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 67

* Muscle: **Extensor pollicis longus** * Function: **Extend the thumb** * Attachments: **Ulna, distal phalanx of the thumb** * Innervation: **Radial nerve**

Question 68

What structure is labeled by #14?

Answer 68

Long head of biceps brachii? | (Short head = #13)

Question 69

Which nerve innervates the compartment in blue? Which muscles are in this compartment?

Answer 69

Ulnar nerve Hypothenar muscles, medial two lumbricals, adductor pollicis

Question 70

Which vessel is labeled by #6?

Answer 70

Brachial artery * Right subclavian -\> Thoracoacromial (1) -\> Axillary (2) -\> Brachial (6)* * Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 71

What structure is labeled by #10?

Answer 71

Teres major

Question 72

A man falls and suffers a dislocation of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Which actions would be most affected? ## Footnote A) Abduction and lateral rotation B) Protraction of the scapula C) Flexion of the shoulder D) medial rotation of the shoulder E) Retraction of the scapula

Answer 72

Abduction and lateral rotation The greater tubercle is the attachment site of: * Supraspinatus (abductor) * Infraspinatus (lateral rotator) * Teres minor (lateral rotator)

Question 73

What is the function of the palmar interossei muscles? What is their innervation?

Answer 73

Adduct the fingers toward the middle finger Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Question 74

What structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 74

Medial head of triceps brachii

Question 75

Describe pectoralis major * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 75

Pectoralis major * Function: **Shoulder adduction and flexion** * Attachments: **Clavicle, sternum, greater tuberosity of humerus** * Innervation: **Medial and lateral pectoral nerve**

Question 76

Which muscle supinates the forearm? Which nerve innervates this muscle?

Answer 76

Supinator Innervated by the radial nerve (posterior comartment of the forearm)

Question 77

Which nerve innervates section 1 (red)?

Answer 77

Radial nerve (posterior cutaneous branch)

Question 78

Which actions are controlled by the median nerve?

Answer 78

* Flexion * Wrist * Digits * Thumb * Pronation * Thumb opposition, abduction

Question 79

Together, structures #7 adn #8 are called....

Answer 79

Condyle of the humerus #7 = Trochlea (Articulates with the coronoid process of the ulna) #8 = Capitellum (Articulates wtih the head of the radius)

Question 80

Which structure of the nervous system is labeled by #1?

Answer 80

Radial nerve

Question 81

Which structure is labeled by #8? What is its innervation?

Answer 81

Pectoralis minor Medial pectoral nerve

Question 82

Which muscle is labeled by #3?

Answer 82

Brachioradialis

Question 83

Which muscles are forearm pronators? Which nerve innervates these muscles?

Answer 83

* Pronator teres * Pronator quadratus Innervated by the median nerve (anterior compartment of the forearm)

Question 84

Which structure is labeled by #11? What is its innervation?

Answer 84

Deltoid Axillary nerve

Question 85

Which nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor?

Answer 85

Axillary nerve

Question 86

Which muscles are shown in this picture? What is their function? Attachments?

Answer 86

Lumbricals * Originate from the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus * Radially deviate the fingers * Innervation * Median nerve for the lateral two lumbricals * Ulnar nerve for the medial two lumbricals

Question 87

Describe the structure labeled by #13 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 87

* Muscle: **Flexor pollicis brevis** * Function: **Flex the thumb** * Attachments: **Trapezium, flexor retinaculum, proximal phalanx of thumb** * Innervation: **Median nerve (recurrent branch)**

Question 88

Which nerves innervate the fingertips?

Answer 88

Median nerve (thumb -\> ring finger) Ulnar nerve (ring finger -\> pinkie)

Question 89

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 89

Head of the radius Articulates with the capitulum of the humerus *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 90

Which muscle is labeled by #7?

Answer 90

Brachioradialis

Question 91

Which nerves innervate the back of the arm?

Answer 91

**Radial nerve** - posterior cutaneous branch (red) Musculocutaneous nerve (purple)

Question 92

Which spinal nerves supply the brachial plexus?

Answer 92

C5-T1

Question 93

Which structures are labeled by #1?

Answer 93

Anterior glenohumeral ligaments | (Superior, middle, and inferior)

Question 94

Which nerve innervates the compartment in yellow? Which muscles are in this compartment?

Answer 94

Median nerve * Thenar muscles * Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis * Lateral two lumbricals

Question 95

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 95

Anular ligament of the radius

Question 96

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 96

Surgical neck of the humerus

Question 97

What functional deficit(s) would you expect to see in this patient?

Answer 97

Deficits in... * Finger and wrist extension * Sensory loss on the dorsal aspect of the forearm and dorsolateral hand These deficits would result from damage to the **radial nerve**, which sits in the radial groove (in the mid-shaft of the humerus) Function of the triceps brachii is usually spared, because is innervation is proximal to the fracture

Question 98

What separates the compartments within any section of the upper and lower limb?

Answer 98

Deep fascia

Question 99

Which actions are controlled by the axillary nerve?

Answer 99

* Shoulder abduction * Lateral rotation

Question 100

Together, the structures labeled #1 make up the...

Answer 100

Distal phalanges *Fig. 11.5 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 23.2.*

Question 101

What structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 101

Biceps brachii

Question 102

Which number labels teh radial artery?

Answer 102

8

Question 103

Which number labels the radial nerve?

Answer 103

21

Question 104

Which elbow flexor is in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 104

Brachioradialis

Question 105

Which vessel is labeled by #5?

Answer 105

Profunda brachii artery (Deep brachial artery) *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 106

Which numbers label the basilic vein? Where does it enter the deep venous system?

Answer 106

Basilic vein = 6, 5, 2 Empties into the brachial vein just above the cubital fossa

Question 107

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 107

Capitellum of the humerus Articulates with the head of the radius

Question 108

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 108

Greater tuberosity of the left humerus

Question 109

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 109

Olecranon process of the ulna (The other side contains the trochlear notch, which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus) *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 110

What structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 110

Brachialis

Question 111

If the median nerve is damaged, which digits can still be flexed?

Answer 111

4th and 5th digits Ulnar nerve supplies medial tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 112

What structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 112

Acromion of the scapula

Question 113

Which vein is labeled by #5?

Answer 113

Basilic vein

Question 114

Which nerves innervate latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis?

Answer 114

Subscapular nerves

Question 115

Which structure of the nervous system is labeled by #4?

Answer 115

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 116

Describe the structure of fibrous tendon sheaths What is their function?

Answer 116

Connective tissue that wratp the synovial tendon sheaths against the bone Act as pullies that hold the tendons against the bone

Question 117

Which muscle is labeled by #1?

Answer 117

Latissimus dorsi (The only spinal muscle that attaches to the humerus)

Question 118

Which muscles are shown in this picture? What is their function? What is their innervation?

Answer 118

Dorsal interossei Abduct the fingers away from the middle finger Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Question 119

Which bone is labeled by #3?

Answer 119

Clavicle *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 120

What is the purpose of the acromioclavicular joint? What type of joint is it?

Answer 120

The achromioclavicular joint (AC) anchors the clavicle to the scapula Synovial joint - allows only small slidign movements between the acromion of the scapula and the distal end of the clavicle

Question 121

Which muscles act to supinate the forearm What are their innervations?

Answer 121

Supinator (posterior forearm, radial nerve) Biceps brachii long head (anterior arm, musculocutaneous nerve)

Question 122

Damage to which nerve results in “Ape hand”: adducted thumb with supinated, extended wrist and extended 1st and 2nd digits?

Answer 122

Damage to the median nerve

Question 123

Describe the path of the radial nerve after it leaves the brachial plexus

Answer 123

Radial nerve (C5-6) * Innervates the posterior arm * Descends within the spiral radial groove in the humerus * Passes anteriorly * -\> Superficial branch: cutaneous innervtion to the lateral dorsum of the hand * -\> Deep branch: Motor innervation to the posterior forearm

Question 124

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 124

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 125

Which vessel is labeled by #15?

Answer 125

Superficial palmar arch (Gets most of its supply from the ulnar artery) *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 126

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 126

Subscapular artery

Question 127

Which structure is labeled by #4? Which muscles attach here?

Answer 127

Medial epicondyle Some wrist and digial flexors

Question 128

Which nerve supplies the structures in green (labeled #5)?

Answer 128

Musculocutanous nerve Via the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm; supplies the lateral half of the anterior suface of the forearm

Question 129

Which nerves arise from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? What do they innervate?

Answer 129

**Axillary nerve** innervates the deltoid and teres minor **Radial nerve** innervates the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

Question 130

Which muscles work to pronate the forearm? Where are they located?

Answer 130

* Pronator teres * Pronator quadratus Both are in the flexor (anterior) compartment

Question 131

Which vessel is labeled by #13?

Answer 131

Ulnar artery *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 132

Which nerve supplies the structures in blue (labeled #2)?

Answer 132

Ulnar nerve

Question 133

Which muscle is labele by #6?

Answer 133

Biceps brachii *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 134

What is the flexor retinaculum? Where does it attach?

Answer 134

The flexor retinaculum forms the anterior wall ("roof") of the carpal tunnel Hook of the hamate, pisiform, tubercle of the scaphoid, tubercle of the trapezoid

Question 135

Which structure is labeled by #18?

Answer 135

Pronator teres Most superficial muscle of the flexor goup, on the medial side of the forearm

Question 136

Which arteries encircle the surgical neck of the humerus?

Answer 136

Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries Branches from the brachial artery

Question 137

Which vein is labeled by #5?

Answer 137

Median cubital vein Connects the cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial) veins

Question 138

Which structure is labeled by #3? What is its innervation?

Answer 138

Infraspinatus Suprascapular nerve

Question 139

Which vein is commonly used for blood draws and IV line placement?

Answer 139

Median cubital vein - #3

Question 140

Which boney structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 140

Olecranon of the ulna *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 141

List the muscles of the hypothenar compartment What innervates them?

Answer 141

* Abductor digiti minimi (35) * Flexor digiti minimi brevis (36) Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Question 142

If a patient cannot pronate their hand, which nerve is most likey injured?

Answer 142

Median nerve

Question 143

Which muscle is labeled by #5? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 143

Brachialis Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 144

Which vessel is labeled by #7?

Answer 144

Lateral thoracic artery *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 145

If a patient cannot flex their ring or pinkie finger, which nerve is most likely damaged?

Answer 145

Ulnar nerve

Question 146

Whihc structure is labeled by #10?

Answer 146

Radial nerve

Question 147

Describe triceps brachii * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 147

Triceps Brachii * Function: **Extend shoulder and forearm** * Attachments: * Long head: **S****capula, olecranon process of the ulna** * Lateral head: **Humerus, olecranon process of the ulna** * Medial head: **Humerus, olecranon process of the ulna** * Innervation: * **Radial nerve** (C6 to C8)

Question 148

Which articulation is labeled by #5?

Answer 148

Scapulothoracic "joint" (free floating, no attachment)

Question 149

Which boney structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 149

Medial epicondyle of the humerus *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 150

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 150

Coronoid process of the ulna *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 151

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 151

Styloid process of the ulna *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 152

Which muscles functions to abduct the thumb? Which nerve innervates these mucles?

Answer 152

* Abductor policis longus * Radial nerve (posterior comartment of the forearm) * Abductor pollicis brevis * Recurrent branch of the median nerve (thenar compartment)

Question 153

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 153

Glenohumeral joint (Glenoid fossa of the scapula + head of humerus)

Question 154

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 154

Infraspinatus

Question 155

Which muscle is labeled by #4? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 155

Biceps brachii, long head Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 156

Which structure is labeled by #10? What innervates it?

Answer 156

Triceps brachii Radial nerve

Question 157

Which structure is labeled by #10?

Answer 157

Flexor retinaculum

Question 158

Describe the subscapularis * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 158

Subscapularis (anterior part of the rotator cuff) * Function: **Internally rotate the arm at the shoulder joint** * Attachments: **Scapula, humerus** (lesser tuberosity) * Innervation: **Subscapular nerve**

Question 159

Which structure is labeled by #13?

Answer 159

Brachial artery Splits into the radial (10) and ulnar (17) arteries

Question 160

Which structure is labeled by #9?

Answer 160

Axillary artery and vein

Question 161

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 161

Radial artery

Question 162

Which number labels the median nerve? Normally, which muscles is it deep to? Superficial to?

Answer 162

#7 Deep to flexor digitorum superficialis Superficial to flexor digitorum profundus

Question 163

Which structure is labeled by #17?

Answer 163

Ulnar artery

Question 164

Which structure is labeled by #11? What does it innervate?

Answer 164

Ulnar nerve * Anterior forearm * Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus * Hand * Intrinsic muscles of the hand

Question 165

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 165

Acromioclavicular joint | (covered by the acromioclavicular ligament)

Question 166

Describe pectoralis minor * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 166

Pectoralis minor * Function: **Stabilize scapula against the body wall** * Attachments: **Coracoid process**, **ribs 3-5** * Innervation: **Medial pectoral nerve**

Question 167

Loss of extension in the digits and wrist is most likely the result of damage to which nerve?

Answer 167

Radial nerve

Question 168

Which nerve follows the radial artery?

Answer 168

Superficial branch of the radial nerve (23)

Question 169

In the upper arm… * The coracobrachialis works on the ______ joint * The brachialis works on the ____ joint * The biceps brachii works on the _____ joint

Answer 169

In the upper arm… * The coracobrachialis works on the **_shoulder_** joint * The brachialis works on the **_elbow_** joint * The biceps brachii works on the **_shoulder and elbow_** joint

Question 170

List the muscles in the deep posterior forearm

Answer 170

* Extensor indicis (19) * Extensor pollicis longus (17) * Extensor pollicis brevis (18) * Abductor pollicis longus (16) * Supinator (6)

Question 171

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 171

Flexor pollicis longus

Question 172

List the muscles of the rotator cuff and their actions

Answer 172

* Supraspinous - abduction * Subcapsularis - medial rotation * Infraspinatus - lateral rotation * Teres minor - lateral rotation

Question 173

What is a “sprain”?

Answer 173

Damage to a ligament Graded based on the degree of the tear and resulting joint instability

Question 174

Which structure is labeled by #8? (Not the ligements, but what they are attaching to)

Answer 174

Glenoid labrum

Question 175

List the medial rotators of the shoulder joint What innervates them?

Answer 175

* Teres major - Subscapular nerve * Subscapularis - Subscapular nerve * Part of the rotator cuff

Question 176

Damage to which nerve results in loss of thumb function and thenar atrophy?

Answer 176

Median nerve (recurrent branch)

Question 177

Which vessel is labeled by #11?

Answer 177

Radial artery *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 178

What muscle is labeled by #3?

Answer 178

Teres minor | (part of rotator cuff)

Question 179

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 179

Coracoclavicular joint (Made up of the coracoclavicular ligaments)

Question 180

Identify the scaphoid

Answer 180

*Fig. 11.5 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 23.2.*

Question 181

The structures highlighted in green are the attachment points for which other structure? List the names of the attachment points

Answer 181

Attachments for the flexor retinaculum (the roof of the carpal tunnel) 1. Hook of the hamate 2. Pisiform 3. Tubercle of the trapezium 4. Tubercle of the scaphoid

Question 182

Describe **i****nfraspinatus** * Function: * Attachments: * Innervations:

Answer 182

**Infraspinatus** * Function: **Externally rotate the arm** * Attachments: **Scapula, greater tuberosity** * Innervations: **Suprascapular nerve** Part of the rotator cuff

Question 183

Which structure of the nervous system is labeled by #3?

Answer 183

Median nerve | (Lateral and Medial cord join together)

Question 184

Which vein is labeled by #4?

Answer 184

Cephalic vein

Question 185

Which structure is labeled by #7? What is its innervation?

Answer 185

Pectoralis major Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 186

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 186

Glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 187

Which joint in the body is most commonly dislocated?

Answer 187

Glenohumeral Ball and socket joint of the shoulder, between the head of the humerus and the glenoid of the scapula

Question 188

Which structure is labeled by #18?

Answer 188

Palmaris longus

Question 189

Ligaments attach _______ to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 189

Ligaments attach **_bone**_ to _**bone_**

Question 190

Which structure is labeled by #1? Which muscles attach here?

Answer 190

Greater tubercle of the humerus Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor (all rotator cuff muscles except subscapularis, which inserts on the lesser tubercle)

Question 191

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 191

Subclavian artery and vein

Question 192

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 192

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 193

What muscle tendon is the examiner testing? ## Footnote A) Triceps brachii B) Coracobrachialis C) Deltoid D) Biceps brachii E) Teres major

Answer 193

D) Biceps brachii Supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve, C5-C7

Question 194

Which structure is labeled by #6? Which bone articulates with this structure?

Answer 194

Trochlea Trochlear notch of the ulna

Question 195

Which cord from the brachial plexus forms the radial nerve?

Answer 195

Posterior cord

Question 196

Which numbers label the cephalic vein? Where does it enter the deep venous system?

Answer 196

Cephalic vein = 7, 4, 1 Empties into the axillary vein at the deltopectoral triangle

Question 197

A neoplasm of the acromion process completely compresses the axillary artery. Yet the patient has a normal radial pulse. What anastomosis explains this finding? 1. Anterior and posterior humeral circumflex arteries 2. Subscapular and brachial arteries 3. Subscapular and posterior humeral circumflex arteries 4. Suprascapular and subscapular arteries 5. Thoracoacromial and subclavian arteries

Answer 197

d. Suprascapular and subscapular arteries

Question 198

Which muscle is labeled by #18? Perspective: imagine the elbow is coming out of the screen and the shoulder is going into the screen

Answer 198

Triceps brachii

Question 199

Which nerve innervates section 5 (blue)?

Answer 199

Ulnar nerve

Question 200

Together, the structures labeled #2 make up the...

Answer 200

Middle phalanges *Fig. 11.5 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 23.2.*

Question 201

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 201

Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 202

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 202

Coracohumeral ligament

Question 203

What structure is labeled by #12?

Answer 203

Subscapularis

Question 204

What is the examiner doing here? ## Footnote A. Testing the brachial pulse B. Testing the femoral pulse C. Testing the radial pulse D. Testing the ulnar pulse E. Testing the axillary pulse

Answer 204

C. Testing the radial pulse

Question 205

Which vessel is labeled by #8?

Answer 205

Superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 206

Which articulations anchor the scapula to the clavicle?

Answer 206

Acromioclavicular (AC) - synovial joint Coracoclavicular (CC) - fibrous joint

Question 207

Which non-bone structures may be damaged due to a clavicle fracture?

Answer 207

Brachial plexus Subclavian artery/vein Axiallary artery

Question 208

Which nerves are involved in pronation of the elbow? Which compartment is this?

Answer 208

Median nerve Anterior compartment of the forearm * **Forearm pronators** – pronator teres, pronator quadratus

Question 209

If a patient cannot flex their elbow, which nerve is most likely injured?

Answer 209

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 210

Which structure is labeled by #16? Which muscles originate here? Where do they attach?

Answer 210

Medial epicondyle of the humerus * Flexor carpi radialis (4) -\> 2nd and 3rd Metacarpals * Flexor digitorum superficialis (6?) -\> Middle phalanges 1-4 * Underneath palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris * Flexor carpi ulnaris (19) -\> pisiform, hook of hamate * Pronator teres (17) -\> Radius * Palmaris longus (18) -\> Palmar aponeurosis * not everyone has this!

Question 211

Which number labels the infraspinatus?

Answer 211

3

Question 212

Which number labels the long head of triceps brachii?

Answer 212

10

Question 213

Which structure is labeled by #7? What is its innervation?

Answer 213

Teres major Lower subscapular nerve

Question 214

Which muscles retract the scapula?

Answer 214

Middle trapezius Rhomboids

Question 215

Which muscle of the forearm is technically in the extensor compartment, but acts as a flexor of the elbow?

Answer 215

Brachioradialis

Question 216

Which muscle is labeled by #2? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 216

Latissimus dorsi Ventral rami of a spinal nerve (Latissimus dorsi is an extrinsic back muscle)

Question 217

Which structure is labeled by 9? Which structure is labeled by 23? What do they innervate?

Answer 217

9 - superficial branch of the radial nerve; cutaneous innervation to the lateral dorsum of the hand 23 - deep branch of the radial nerve; supplies the muscles of the posterior forearm (extensors)

Question 218

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 218

Radial tuberosity *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 219

Which structure is labeled by #20?

Answer 219

Ulnar artery

Question 220

Why doesn’t the middle finger have a palmar interosseus muscle?

Answer 220

Movement in either direction is accomplished by the dorsal interosseus muscles of the middle finger

Question 221

Which vein empties into the axillary vein?

Answer 221

Cephalic vein (#7, 4, 1)

Question 222

Describe the anterior compartment of the arm * Muscles: * Actions: * Nerve: * Atttachments:

Answer 222

Anterior component of the arm * Muscles: **_Biceps brachii_****, coracobrachialis, brachialis** * Actions: **Flexion** of the shoulder and elbow joints * Nerve: **Musculocutaneous** * Atttachments: * **Biceps Brachii:** Long: Supraglenoid tubercle, radial tuberosity Short: Coracoid process, radial tuberosity * **Coracobrachialis:** Coracoid process of the scapula, humerus * **Brachialis:** Humerus, ulnar tuberosity

Question 223

Which structure is labeled by #17?

Answer 223

Pronator teres

Question 224

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 224

Olecranon fossa of the humerus The olecranon process of the ulna sits in here

Question 225

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 225

Radial groove of the humerus Radial nerve sits in here This is why humeral shaft fractures can cause damage to the radial nerve

Question 226

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which muscles?

Answer 226

The muscles of the anderior compartment of the arm: * Biceps bracii * Coacobrachialis * Brachialis

Question 227

After a stab wound to the neck a man’s shoulder droops and he is unable to abduct his arm without some assistance, yet the deltoid muscles is of normal strength. You suspect damage to which of the nerve? ## Footnote A) Subscapular B) Spinal accessory C) Long thoracic D) Dorsal scapular E) Axillary

Answer 227

B) Spinal accessory The spinal acessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) innervates trapezius. Trapezius controls many actions of the scapula, including rotation Rotation of the acrominon -\> abduction of the arm

Question 228

Which nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand? What are the consequences if this nerve is damaged?

Answer 228

Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Loss of interossei (dorsal and palmar) results in loss of extension at PIP and DIP, loss of flexion at MCP The result **fl****exion at PIP and DIP, extension at MCP** (Extensor digitorum is till intact)

Question 229

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 229

Lesser tuberosity of the left humerus

Question 230

Which cords of the brachial plexus form the median nerve?

Answer 230

Lateral and medial cords

Question 231

Which structure of the nervous system is labeled by #5?

Answer 231

Posterior cord

Question 232

During insertion of an IV cannula in the median cubital vein, the patient suddenly lost feeling on the radial side of the forearm. What nerve may have been injured? ## Footnote A. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm B. Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm C. Median nerve D. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm E. Superficial radial nerve

Answer 232

A. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Question 233

Which articulation is labeled by #1?

Answer 233

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 234

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 234

Acromion of the scapula

Question 235

What is the function of the “girdles” of the forelimb and hindlimb

Answer 235

Attach the limb to the axial skeleton Scapula in the forelimb Pelvis in the hindlimb

Question 236

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 236

Coracoid process of the left scapula

Question 237

Which actions are controlled by the radial nerve?

Answer 237

* Extension * Shoulder * Elbow * Wrist * Digits * Supination * Supinator

Question 238

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 238

Head of the humerus

Question 239

List the extensors of the shoulder joint What innervates them?

Answer 239

* **Triceps brachii** - Radial nerve * Main extensor * Latissimus dorsi - Ventral rami of spinal nerve (subscapular) * Deltoid - Axillary nerve

Question 240

What kinds of nerve fibers are carried in the nerves of the brachial plexus?

Answer 240

* Somatic motor * Somatic sensory * Postganglionic sympathetic No parasympathetic fibers - limbs are part of the body wall, no parasympathetic activity

Question 241

If the median nerve is damaged, will the thumb be adducted or abducted?

Answer 241

Adducted Abductor pollicis brevis will not function, but adductor pollicis will (ulnar nerve)

Question 242

Following a stab wound to the shoulder, the musculocutaneous nerve was severed. What functional deficits would you expect to see?

Answer 242

Diminished elbow flexion and shoulder flexion Note: note completely lost since some of the muscles of the anterior forearm can flex the elbow, and deltoid and pec. major can flex the shoulder

Question 243

Which muscle is outlined in blue? What is its function? Innervation? Attachments?

Answer 243

Flexor digiorum profundus Flex fingers at MCP, PIP, and _DIP_ Median nerve (lateral 1/2), Ulnar nerve (medial 1/2) Ulna, distal phalanges 1-4

Question 244

Which joint is involved in flexion and extension of the elbow?

Answer 244

Ulnotrochlear joint Coronoid process and trochlear notch of ulna + trochlea of humerus

Question 245

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 245

Coracoclavicular joint ## Footnote *Conoid ligament (left) + Trapezoid ligament (right)*

Question 246

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 246

Median nerve

Question 247

Which compartment is shown in this picture? What are its primary actions? What is its innervation?

Answer 247

Anterior compartment of the forearm Wrist flexion, finger flextion, forearm pronation Median nerve

Question 248

Which vessel is labeled by #5?

Answer 248

Median cubital vein *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 249

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 249

Supraspinatus

Question 250

Which boney structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 250

Coracoid process of the scapula *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 251

The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm is a terminal branch off which cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 251

Medial cord

Question 252

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 252

Trochlea of the humerus Articulates with the coronoid process of the ulna

Question 253

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome? What are the consequences?

Answer 253

The median nerve is compressed Usually compression is due to repetitive use of the fingers; the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus run through the carpal tunnel. Overuse results in increased serous fluid, which leads to compression of the median nerve * Loss/reduction of thumb function * The thenar compartment is innervated by the recurrent branch of the medial nerve, which branches right after the nerve emerges from the carpal tunnel * Pain in the cutaneous distribution of the median nerve * Lateral palm of the hand

Question 254

Which structure is labeled by #10?

Answer 254

Lateral head of triceps brachii

Question 255

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 255

Acromioclavicular joint (Covered by the acromioclavicular ligament) Note: This is the left scapula, anterior view

Question 256

Which structure is labeled by #4

Answer 256

Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 257

Which nerve innervates section 4 (orange)?

Answer 257

Median nerve

Question 258

Which strucutre is labeled #6?

Answer 258

Radius *Fig. 11.5 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 23.2.*

Question 259

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 259

Brachial artery

Question 260

Which structure is labeled by #1? What is its innervation?

Answer 260

Supraspinatus Suprascapular nerve

Question 261

Which structure is labeled by #14?

Answer 261

Median nerve

Question 262

Describe biceps brachii * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 262

Biceps brachii * Function: **Shoulder flexion, elbow fexion, supination** * Attachments: * Short head: **Coracoid process, radial tuberosity** * Long head: **Supraglenoid tubercle, radial tuberosity** * Innervation: **Musculocutaneous nerve** * Same as all muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

Question 263

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 263

Radial tuberosity *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 264

Which structure of the nervous system is labeled by #6?

Answer 264

Medial cord

Question 265

This image shows the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the arm Which structure is labeled by #14?

Answer 265

Tendon of flexor pollicis longus | (Muscle is 37)

Question 266

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 266

Abductor pollicis longus

Question 267

Which vessel is labeled by #14?

Answer 267

Deep palmar arch Gets most of its supply from the radial artery *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 268

List the lateral rotators of the shoulder joint What innervates them?

Answer 268

* Infraspinatus - Suprascapular nerve * Teres minor - Axillary nerve

Question 269

Which nerve is labeled by #7?

Answer 269

Median nerve Will go on to innervate most of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Question 270

Which nerves innervate the body wall?

Answer 270

Spinal nerves * Ventral ramus * Extrinsic back muscles * Intercostal muscles * Limbs (extensions of the body wall) via plexi * Anterior and lateral cutaneous nerves * Skin and superficial fascia * Dorsal ramus * Intrinsic back muscles * Posterior cutaneous nerves * Skin and superficial fascia

Question 271

Loss of senasation in the pinkie finger indicates injury to which nerve?

Answer 271

Ulnar

Question 272

List the pathway of the vein on the radial side of the upper limb, from its most proximal point to its entry into the deep venous system

Answer 272

* Doral Arch * Cerphalic Vein * Axillary vein (part of deep venous system)

Question 273

Which structures are labeled by #4? * Artery: * Nerve:

Answer 273

* Artery: **Profunda brachii (Deep brachial artery)** * Nerve: **Radial**

Question 274

Which muscles function to extend the wrist and digits? Which nerve innervates these muscles?

Answer 274

* Extensor digitorum * Extensor pollicis Innervated by the radial nerve (posterior comartment of the forearm)

Question 275

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 275

Brachioradialis

Question 276

Damage to which nerve would result in pain or sensory loss on the lateral side of the forearm?

Answer 276

Lateral cutaneous nerve Note - if a cutaneous nerve is damaged, there will be no motor loss because it is a **cutaneous** nerve | (superficial branch of the musculocutaneous nerve)

Question 277

What part of the shoulder is injured in a separated shoulder?

Answer 277

The ligaments of the acromioclavicular (AC) and/or coracoclavicular (CC) joints Severity of the injury depends on whether they are stretched or torn

Question 278

If the ulnar nerve is damaged, which fingers will maintain the ability to flex?

Answer 278

Thumb, 1st digit, 2nd digit

Question 279

Which muscle is labeled by #3?

Answer 279

Lateral head of triceps brachii *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 280

If the ulnar nerve is damaged, will the thumb be adducted or abducted?

Answer 280

Abducted Ulnar nerve innervates adductor pollicis Median nerve (recurrent branch) innervates abductor pollicis brevis

Question 281

Which nerve supplies the thenar compartment of the hand?

Answer 281

Recurrent branch of the median nerve

Question 282

Which cord from the brachial plexus forms the ulnar nerve?

Answer 282

Medial cord

Question 283

Which structure is labeled by #20?

Answer 283

Ulnar artery

Question 284

Which cord from the brachial plexus forms the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 284

Lateral cord

Question 285

Which number labels the axillary nerve?

Answer 285

9

Question 286

Which muscles are shown in this picture? What is their function? What is their innervation?

Answer 286

Palmar interossei (deep to the lumbricals) Adduct the fingers toward the middle finger Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Question 287

Which artery follows the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

Answer 287

Radial artery

Question 288

Which vessel is labeled by #10?

Answer 288

Posterior interosseous artery *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 289

Which nerve is labeled by #4? It is a continuation of which nerve?

Answer 289

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm Continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve

Question 290

A girl falls on her outstretched hand. She experiences wrist pain and points to area between the extensor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis longus tendons. Which bone is most likely broken? What is a possible complication of this injury?

Answer 290

Scaphoid Blood supply to the scapoid is through the distal side; a break in the scaphoid could cut off blood supply to the proximal scaphoid, resulting in avascular necrosis

Question 291

Which vein is labeled by #3?

Answer 291

Basilic vein | (Empties into the brachial vein)

Question 292

Which boney structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 292

Styloid process of the radius *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 293

List the pathway of the vein on the ulnar side of the upper limb, from its most proximal point to its entry into the deep venous system

Answer 293

* Dorsal arch * Basilic vein * Brachial vein (part of the deep venous system)

Question 294

Describe the serratus anterior * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 294

**Serratus anterior** * Function: **Protract the scapula,** lower a raised arm, rotate the scapula laterally * Attachments: **Scapula, ribs** * Innervation: **Long thoracic nerve**

Question 295

Describe the structure labeled by #36 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation

Answer 295

* Muscle: **Flexor digiti minimi brevis** * Function: **Flex the 5th digit** * Attachments: **Hook of hamate, proximal phalanx** * Innervation: **Ulnar nerve** (deep branch)

Question 296

Which articulation is labeled by #3?

Answer 296

Glenohumeral joint

Question 297

Which nerve innervates section 2 (purple)?

Answer 297

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 298

Which number labels flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 298

30

Question 299

Which structure is labeled by #6? What is it innervated by?

Answer 299

Subscapularis Subscapular nerve

Question 300

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 300

Extensor carpi radialis

Question 301

Which structure is labeled by #21?

Answer 301

Common interosseous artery It branches into the anterior (23) and posterior interosseous arteries

Question 302

Which vein is labeled by #3?

Answer 302

Median cubital vein Connects the cephalic and basilic veins Median cubital vein is often used for blood draws and IV line placement

Question 303

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 303

Teres major

Question 304

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 304

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 305

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 305

Flexor retinaculum | (Roof of the carpal tunnel)

Question 306

Which structure is labeled by #5? Which bone articulates with this structure?

Answer 306

Capitellum Head of the radius

Question 307

Which number labels the ulnar nerve? Which muscles of the anterior compartment does it supply?

Answer 307

#13, 27 Flexor digitorum profundus (medial 1/2) Flexor carpi ulnaris Note: does not pass under the flexor retinaculum =\> it is vulnerable to cuts of the wrist

Question 308

Which vessels are labeled by #3?

Answer 308

Anterior and posterior humeral circumflex arteries *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 309

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 309

Brachial artery

Question 310

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 310

Coracoid process of the right scapula

Question 311

Injury to which nerve results in “Wrist drop”: wrist flexed, forearm pronated?

Answer 311

Radial nerve

Question 312

In the brachial plexus, the posterior cord branches into the…

Answer 312

Axillary and radial nerves

Question 313

What structure is labeled by #15?

Answer 313

Supraspinatus?

Question 314

Which muscle is labeled by #7? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 314

Subscapularis Subscapular nerve

Question 315

Which vein is labeled by #7?

Answer 315

Cephalic vein

Question 316

Which vein is labeled by #1? How does it enter the deep venous system?

Answer 316

Cephalic vein Empties into the axillary vein at the deltopectoral triangle

Question 317

What is the purpose of the coracoclavicular joint? What type of joint is it?

Answer 317

The coracoclavicular joint (CC) anchors the clavicle to the scapula Fibrous joint

Question 318

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 318

Median nerve

Question 319

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 319

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 320

Which structures are supplied by the suprascapular nerve?

Answer 320

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus (Muscles of the rotator cuff)

Question 321

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 321

Radial collateral ligament

Question 322

Which number labels the deep brachial artery?

Answer 322

20

Question 323

Which structure is labeled by #9?

Answer 323

Radial artery

Question 324

If a patient cannot extend their elbow or wrist, which nerve is most likely injured?

Answer 324

Radial nerve

Question 325

Which vessel is labeled by #24? Perspective: imagine the elbow is coming out of the screen and the shoulder is going into the screen

Answer 325

Brachial artery

Question 326

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 326

Teres minor Part of the rotator cuff of the shoulder

Question 327

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 327

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 328

Describe the anterior compartment of the forearm * Muscles: * Actions: * Nerve: * Atttachments:

Answer 328

Anterior component of the forearm * Muscles: * **Wrist flexors** - Flexor carpi radialis * **Wrist and digital flexors** - Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus * **Forearm pronators** - Pronator teres, pronator quadratus * Actions: **Flexion of the wrist and/or digits**, **pronate the forearm** * Nerve: **Median nerve** * Ulnar nerve for flexor digitorum profundus and flexor carpi ularis only * Atttachments: **medial epicondyle of the humerus**

Question 329

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 329

Anatomical neck of the humerus

Question 330

What structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 330

Brachial artery

Question 331

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 331

Infraspinatus Part of the rotator cuff of the shoulder

Question 332

Describe the structure labeled by #14 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 332

* Muscle: **Extensor carpi radialis longus** (Brevis is 15) * Function: **Extend the wrist** * Attachments: **Lateral condyle of the humerus, 2nd metacarpal** * Innervation: **Radial nerve**

Question 333

Which muscles are wrist and digital felxors? Which nerve innervates these muscles?

Answer 333

* Wrist and digital flexors * Flexor digitorum superficialis (Median nerve) * Flexor digitorum profundus (Ulnar nerve) * Flexor pollicis longus ​(Median nerve) All are part of the anterior component of the forearm

Question 334

Describe coracobrachialis * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 334

Coracobrachialis * Function: **Shoulder flexion**, adduction, internal rotation * Attachments: **Coracoid process, humerus** * Innervation: **Musculocutaneous nerve** * Same as all muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

Question 335

Which muscle is labeled by #1?

Answer 335

Deltoid *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 336

Describe **supraspinatus** * Function: * Attachments: * Innervations:

Answer 336

**Supraspinatus** * Function: **Abduct the arm** * Attachments: **Scapula, greater tuberosity** * Innervations: **Suprascapular nerve** Part of the rotator cuff

Question 337

Which nerve innervates section 3 (pink)?

Answer 337

Radial nerve (superficial branch)

Question 338

List the abductors of the shoulder joint What innervates them?

Answer 338

* **Deltoid** - Axillary nerve * **Supraspinatus** - Suprascapular nerve * Part of rotator cuff

Question 339

What structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 339

Ulnar nerve

Question 340

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 340

Acromion of the right scapula

Question 341

Which nerve is labeled by #7? What does it innervate?

Answer 341

Superficial branch of the radial nerve Sensory nerve that innervates the lateral half of the back of the hand (not including the fingertips)

Question 342

Humerus fractures often occur at the _________ and can result in a lesion of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Which actions will be compromised?

Answer 342

Humerus fractures often occur at the **_surgical neck**_ and can result in a lesion of the _**axillary nerve._** Shoulder **abduction and external rotation** will be compromised

Question 343

Which number labels the common interosseous artery?

Answer 343

#21 Comes from the ulnar artery (17) Branches into the anterior (23) and posterior interosseous arteries Note: #14 is the median nerve

Question 344

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 344

Teres minor

Question 345

Which nerves are involved in flexion of the wrist and fingers? Which compartment is this?

Answer 345

**Median** and ulnar nerves Anterior compartment of the forearm * **Wrist flexors** – **Flexor carpi radialis,** flexor carpi ulnaris * **Wrist and digital flexors** – Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar), flexor pollicis longus

Question 346

Describe the posterior compartment of the arm * Muscles: * Actions: * Nerve: * Atttachments:

Answer 346

Posterior component of the arm * Muscles: **Triceps brachi** * Actions: **Extension** of the shoulder and elbow joints * Nerve: **Radial** * Atttachments: **Infraglenoid tubercle, olecranon process of the ulna**

Question 347

Describe brachialis * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 347

Brachialis * Function: **Elbow flexion** * Attachments: **H****umerus, ulnar tuberosity** * Innervation: **Musculocutaneous nerve** * Same as all muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

Question 348

Which structure is labeled by #5? What does it innervate?

Answer 348

Musculocutaneous nerve Innervates the anterior compartment of the arm (biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis)

Question 349

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 349

Head of the radius *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 350

What do muscles within the same compartment generally have in common?

Answer 350

Embryological origin Nerve and blood supply Attachment points Function

Question 351

Which structure is labeled by #11?

Answer 351

Deltoid

Question 352

Which structure is labeled by #5? What is its innervation?

Answer 352

Triceps brachii (Lateral head) Radial nerve

Question 353

Which nerve is responsible for extension of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers? Which compartments are involved?

Answer 353

Radial nerve Posterior arm, posterior forearm

Question 354

An infection in which synovial digital sheath could result in the most serious complication?

Answer 354

Synovial digital sheath of the 5th digit This sheath is continuous with the common flexor synovial sheath, which contains the tendons of the wrist; the infection could spread far

Question 355

Which vessel is labeled by #12?

Answer 355

Anterior interosseous artery *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 356

If a patient cannot hold paper between their fingers, which nerve is most likely damaged?

Answer 356

Ulnar nerve Innervates the palmar interossei, which adduct the fingers toward the middle finger (Ulnar nerve also supplies the dorsal interossei, which abduct the fingers away from the middle finger)

Question 357

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 357

Ulnar artery and nerve

Question 358

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 358

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 359

What structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 359

Glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 360

The head of the humerus articulates with the \_\_\_\_\_ of the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 360

The head of the humerus articulates with the **_glenoid**_ of the _**scapula_**

Question 361

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 361

Irritation of the ulnar nerve as it crosses the medial epicondyle, passing through the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (the cubital tunnel) This leads to sensation similar to hitting your funny bone

Question 362

Label the indicated components of the medial plexus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Answer 362

1. Lateral cord 2. Musculocutaneous nerve 3. Lateral cord's contribution to the median nerve 4. Median nerve 5. Ulnar nerve 6. Medial cord's contribution to the median nerve 7. Medial cord Not pictured: Posterior cord, which gives rise to the axillary nerve and radial nerve

Question 363

If a patient cannot supinate their hand, which nerve is most likey injured?

Answer 363

Radial nerve

Question 364

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 364

Coracoid process of the scapula

Question 365

Describe the structure labeled by #16 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 365

* Muscle: **Abductor pollicis longus** * Function: **Abduct the thumb** * Attachments: **Ulna, radius, interosseus membrane, 1st metacarpal** * Innervation: **Radial nerve**

Question 366

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 366

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 367

Which muscles control thumb movement? What are their nerve supplies?

Answer 367

* Ulnar * Adductor pollicis * Median - *Thenar compartment* * Abductor pollicis brevis * Flexor pollicis brevis * Opponens pollicis * Median - *Anterior forearm* * ***​***Flexor pollicis longus * Radial - *Posterior forearm* * Extensor pollicis longus * Extensor pollicis brevis

Question 368

Which arteries supply the common digital arteries?

Answer 368

The superficial and deep palmar arches both contribute to each common digital artery * Ulnar and radial arteries meet to from the superficial and deep palmar arches * The superficial palmar arch, supplied primarily by the ulnar artery, is a larger source of blood than the deep * The radial artery contributes more blood to the deep palmar arch Therefore, **the ulnar artery is the largest source of blood for the common digital arteries**

Question 369

Which structure is labeled by #10?

Answer 369

Cephalic vein (Joins the deep venous system via the axillary vein)

Question 370

Which vein is labeled by #19? Perspective: imagine the elbow is coming out of the screen and the shoulder is going into the screen

Answer 370

Cephalic vein

Question 371

Which two muscles are antagonists to supination of the forearm?

Answer 371

Pronator teres Pronator quadratus

Question 372

Which injury is showin in both Picture A and Picture B? Which structures are compromised in each picture?

Answer 372

Both: Separated shoulder Separation of the clavicle from the scapula * A: Dislocation of **acromioclavicular joint** * B: Dislocation of **acromioclavicular joint** with rupture of the **coracoclavicular ligament**

Question 373

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 373

Axillary artery

Question 374

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 374

Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 375

Which structures are found in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 375

* Median nerve * Flexor digitorum superficialis * Flexor digitorum profundus * Flexor pollicis longus

Question 376

Loss of sensation in the tips of the thumb, index, and ring fingers indicates injury to which nerve?

Answer 376

Median

Question 377

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 377

Head of the ulna *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 378

Which muscle of the rotator cuff stabilizes the shoulder anteriorly?

Answer 378

Subscapularis

Question 379

Describe the structure labeled by #27 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 379

* Muscle: **Adductor pollicis longus** transverse head * **​**Oblique head is #26) * Function: **Adduct the thumb** * Attachments: **Third metacarpal, proximal phalanx of thumb** * Innervation: **Ulnar nerve** (C8-T1)

Question 380

Identify the labeled structures * A: * B: * C: * D:

Answer 380

* A: **Deltoid muscle** * B: **Head of the Humerus** * C: **Supraspinatus muscle** * D: **Glenoid of the scapula**

Question 381

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 381

Radial artery

Question 382

Which muscles flex the wrist? Which nerve innervates these muscles?

Answer 382

* Wrist only flexors * **Flexor carpi radialis** (Median nerve) * **Flexor carpi ulnaris** (Ulnar nerve) * Wrist and digital flexors * **Flexor digitorum superficialis** (Median nerve) * **Flexor digitorum profundus** (Median nerve + Ulnar nerve) * **Flexor pollicis longus** ​(Median nerve) All are part of the anterior component of the forearm

Question 383

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 383

Head of the humerus

Question 384

Describe the structure labeled by #7 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 384

* Muscle: **Extensor digitorum** * Function: **Extend the wrists and digits** * Attachments: **Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, middle and distal phalanges** * Innervation: **Radial nerve**

Question 385

What structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 385

Scapular spine

Question 386

Which muscle is labeled by #9? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 386

Supraspinatus Suprascapular nerve

Question 387

Which structures may be damaged by an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 387

Glenohumeral ligaments Glenoid labrum Glenohumeral joint capsule Axillary nerve

Question 388

A boy suffers a severe laceration of the forearm. To check the ulnar pulse near the wrist the examiner would palpate which of the following locations? ## Footnote A) lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris B) lateral to the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis C) lateral to the tendon of the palmaris longus D) medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 388

A) lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 389

Which numbers together make up the biceps muscle?

Answer 389

3 and 4

Question 390

Which structure is labeled by #36?

Answer 390

Flexor digitorum profundus (Sections in the forearm are more distict than FDS)

Question 391

Which structure is labeled by #17?

Answer 391

Ulnar artery Relevant branches: * Common interosseous (21) * Will go on to supply the majority of the blood for the superficial palmar arch

Question 392

A child suffers a deep cut wound on the palmar aspect of the index finger. What movement of the index finger would show the emergency room doctor that function of the flexor digitorum profundus was preserved?

Answer 392

Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) Flexor digitorum profundus is the only muslle that can flex the fingers at the DIP joint The PIP joint can be flexed by flexor digitorum profundus or flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 393

List the three types of synovial joints from most to least mobile

Answer 393

* Ball and socket * Permit movement on several axes * Condylar joints * Permit movement in one major and one minor direction * Hinge joints * Permit motion in one direction

Question 394

Which structure of the nervous system is labeled by #7?

Answer 394

Ulnar nerve

Question 395

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 395

Brachioradialis Most superficial extensor; on the lateral side of the anterior forearm

Question 396

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 396

Deltoid

Question 397

Which vessel is labeled by #29? Perspective: imagine the elbow is coming out of the screen and the shoulder is going into the screen

Answer 397

Basilic vein

Question 398

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 398

Brachialis Part of anterior compartment of the arm (musculocutaneous nerve)

Question 399

Describe latissimus dorsi * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 399

Subscapularis (anterior part of the rotator cuff) * Function: **Adduct**, internally rotate, extend teh arm * Attachments: **Vertebrae, Scapula, Humerus, Iliac crest** * Innervation: **Ventral ramus of spinal nerve**

Question 400

Identify the labeled structures * A: * B: * C: (a joint) * D:

Answer 400

* A: **Clavicle** * B: **Coracoid process of the scapula** * C: **Acromioclavicular joint** * D: **Head of the humerus**

Question 401

Together, the structures labeled #5 make up the...

Answer 401

Carpals *Fig. 11.5 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 23.2.*

Question 402

Which bone is labeled by #3?

Answer 402

Ulnar collateral ligament

Question 403

A 74 year old man complains of pain in his right hand and fingers when he works with his hands for a while. Thorough testing reveals insufficient blood flow into the deep palmar arch. Occlusion of which artery is the most likely cause of this condition?

Answer 403

Radial artery

Question 404

Which vessel is labeled by #16?

Answer 404

Common palmar digital arteries (Will separate into palmar digital arteries) *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 405

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 405

Styloid process of the ulna *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 406

What muscle is labeled by #1?

Answer 406

Supraspinatus | (Part of the rotator cuff)

Question 407

Which muscle is labeled by #20? Perspective: imagine the elbow is coming out of the screen and the shoulder is going into the screen

Answer 407

Biceps brachii

Question 408

Which vessel is labeled by #8?

Answer 408

Axillary artery

Question 409

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 409

Coronoid process of the ulna *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 410

Which nerve is involved in flexion of the shoulder and elbow? Which compartment is this?

Answer 410

Musculocutaneous nerve Anterior compartmetn of the arm (Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis)

Question 411

Which structure is labeled by #6? What is its innervation?

Answer 411

Triceps bracii (long head) Radial nerve

Question 412

Which muscle is labeled by #1? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 412

Coracobrachialis Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 413

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Answer 413

Styloid process of the radius *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 414

Describe the structure labeled by #11 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation:

Answer 414

* Muscle: **Abductor pollicis brevis** * Function: **Abduct the thumb** * Attachments: **Tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium, proximal phalanx of thumb** * Innervation: **Median nerve; recurrent branch**

Question 415

Which structure is labeled by #2? What is its innervation?

Answer 415

Teres minor Axillary nerve

Question 416

Which vessel is labeled by #1?

Answer 416

Thoracoacromial artery * Right subclavian -\> Thoracoacromial (1) -\> Axillary (2) -\> Brachial (6)* * Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 417

This image shows the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the arm Which structure is labeled by #37? What is its function? Attachments? Innervation?

Answer 417

Flexor pollicis longus (continues as #14) Flex the thumb (from resting -\> across the palm) Radius, palmar aspect of distal phalanx of the thumb Median nerve

Question 418

Which bone is broken? Which artery and nerve are most at risk? What deficit would result?

Answer 418

Humerus Deep brachial artery and radial nerve Deficit in wrist extension -\> wrist drop

Question 419

Which structure is labeled by #16?

Answer 419

Brachial artery WIll split into the radial (6) and ulnar (20) arteries

Question 420

Which artery supplies most of the blood to the hand?

Answer 420

Ulnar artery via superficial palmar arch (Superficial palmar arch is a larger source of blood than the deep palmar arch)

Question 421

Which muscles depress the scapula?

Answer 421

Inferior trapezius Serratus anterior

Question 422

Which articulation is labeled by #2?

Answer 422

Coracoclavicular joint

Question 423

Which nerves innervate the palm?

Answer 423

Median nerve (orange) Ulnar nerve (blue)

Question 424

List the adductors of the shoulder joint What innervates them?

Answer 424

* Latissimus dorsi - Ventral rami of spinal nerve (subscapular) * Teres major - Subscapular nerve * Pectoralis major - Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 425

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 425

Extensor digiti minimi

Question 426

Which structure is labeled by #9? What innervates it?

Answer 426

Lattisimus dorsi Ventral rami of a spinal nerve

Question 427

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm is a terminal branch off which major nerve of the brachial plexus?

Answer 427

Musculocutaneous nerve | (From the lateral cord)

Question 428

Which structure is labeled by #2? Which muscles attach here?

Answer 428

Lesser tubercle of the humerus Subscapularis (The only muscle of the rotator cuff that doesn't attach to the greater tubercle)

Question 429

What structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 429

Coracoid process of the scapula

Question 430

Which three nerves might be injured due to venipuncture in the median cubital fossa? How can you tell which nerve is injured?

Answer 430

* Lateral cutaneous nerve * Cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve * Supplies the skin on the **lateral side of the forearm** * Medial cutaneous nerve * Branch of the ulnar nerve * Supplies the skin on the **medial side of the forearm** * Median nerve * Usually due to deeper puncture * Supplies the skin on the **palmar side of the lateral 3.5 digits**

Question 431

Which structure is labeled by #3? What does it innervate?

Answer 431

Median nerve Innervates most of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm * Flexors of the wrist and fingers * Flexor carpi radialis * Palmaris longus * Flexor digitorum superficialis * Pronators * Pronator teres * Pronator quadratus

Question 432

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 432

Acromion of the left scapula

Question 433

Which muscles elevate the scapula?

Answer 433

Superior trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboids

Question 434

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 434

Trochlear notch of the ulna (This is the part of the olecranon that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus) *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 435

Which structure is labeled by #3? Which muscles attach here?

Answer 435

Lateral epicondyle Some wrist extensors

Question 436

List the flexors of the shoulder joint What innervates them?

Answer 436

* **Biceps brachii** - Musculocutaneous nerve * Main flexor of the shoulder joint * Deltoid - Axillary nerve * Pectoralis major - Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 437

Which structures bound the anatomical snuffbox? Which artery passes through?

Answer 437

Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis longus are the edges Scaphoid is the floor Radial artery

Question 438

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 438

Flexor carpi radialis

Question 439

The subscapular nerves arise from which cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 439

Posterior cord

Question 440

Together, the structures highlighted in yellow are called the...

Answer 440

Rotator cuff

Question 441

What structure is labeled by #11?

Answer 441

Coracobrachialis

Question 442

Which articulation is labeled by #4?

Answer 442

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 443

What structure is labeled by #13?

Answer 443

Short head of biceps brachii | (Long head is #14)

Question 444

What muscle is labeled by #4?

Answer 444

Subscapularis | (Part of rotator cuff)

Question 445

What structure is labeled by #3?

Answer 445

Median nerve

Question 446

When you hit your "funny bone," which nerve is momentarily compressed?

Answer 446

Ulnar nerve against the medial epicondyle

Question 447

Which joint is involved in pronation and supination of the forearm?

Answer 447

Humeroradial joint Capitellum of humerus + head of radius

Question 448

Which vein is labeled by #6?

Answer 448

Cephalic vein (Empties into the axillary vein at the deltopectoral triangle)

Question 449

Which number labels the deltoid?

Answer 449

8

Question 450

Which bone is labeled by #4?

Answer 450

Ulna | (Ulnar tuberosity)

Question 451

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 451

Styloid process of the radius *Fig. 11.4 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Figs. 22.1A, 22.1B.*

Question 452

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 452

Tendon of the long head of biceps bracii (Technically not part of the rotator cuff of the shoulder)

Question 453

Which structuer is labeled by #13?

Answer 453

Brachial artery

Question 454

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 454

Brachial plexus

Question 455

Which muscle is labeled by #4?

Answer 455

Long head of triceps brachii *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 456

Which vessel is labeled by #9?

Answer 456

Common interosseous artery (Will branch into anterior and posterior) *Fig. 16.2 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 24.1B.*

Question 457

What structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 457

Brachialis

Question 458

Does carpal tunnel syndrome affect blood flow to the hand? Why or why not?

Answer 458

Blood flow to the hand is unaffected in carpal tunnel syndrome The hand is primarily supplied by the ulnar artery, which lies superficial to the flexor retinaculum (outside of the carpal tunnel) Note: ulnar artery -\> superficial palmar arch, which is a larger source of blood than the deep palmar arch

Question 459

Why is the recurrent branch of the median nerve particularly susceptible to injury? Which functions would be compromised?

Answer 459

The recurrent branch of the medial nerve is superficial, which makes it susceptible to injury It innervates the thenar compartment, so thumb function would be compromised * Abductor pollicis brevis * Opponens pollicis previs * Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 460

Which number labels the ulnar artery?

Answer 460

#9

Question 461

Which number labels flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 461

4

Question 462

Which carpal bones articulate with long bones at the wrist? Which long bone?

Answer 462

* Scaphoid and lunate articulate with the radius * Lunate articulates with the ulna

Question 463

#1 is a branch of which nerve?

Answer 463

Axillary nerve

Question 464

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Answer 464

Latissimus dorsi

Question 465

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 465

Acromioclavicular ligament | (Covers the acromioclavicular joint)

Question 466

Describe the structure labeled by #35 * Muscle: * Function: * Attachments: * Innervation

Answer 466

* Muscle: **Abductor digiti minimi** * Function: **Abduct the 5th digit** * Attachments: **Pisiform, proximal phalanx of pinkie finger** * Innervation: **Ulnar nerve** (deep branch)

Question 467

Which muscles are innervated by the subscapular nerves? (Subscapular nerves = branches off of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus)

Answer 467

Subscapularis Latissimus dorsi Teres major

Question 468

Which structure is labeled by #13?

Answer 468

Ulnar nerve

Question 469

List the muscles in the superficial posterior forearm What do they all have in common?

Answer 469

* Extensor carpi ulnaris (6) * Extensor digiti minimi (8) * Extensor digitorum (7) * Extensor carpi radialis (longus 14, brevis 15) * Brachioradialis (not in this picture; past 14) **Common features** * Innervation - radial nerve * Origin - lateral epicondyle of the humerus * Except brachioradialis (supraconydlar ridge) * Function - Wrist flexion * Except brachioradialis (elbow flexion)

Question 470

Stability of the glenohumeral joint is primarily provided by which structures?

Answer 470

Tendons of the rotator cuff muscles

Question 471

Which actions are controlled by the ulnar nerve?

Answer 471

* Flexion * Wrist * DIP of digits 4 and 5 * MCP * Digit abduction, adduction * Extension * IP (lumbricals, interossei)

Question 472

The axillary nerve arises from which cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 472

Posterior cord

Question 473

What is the function of the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 473

Abduct the fingerss away from the middle finger Abduct the middle finger in either direction away from the midline

Question 474

Injury to which nerve results in "winged scapula?" Why?

Answer 474

**Long thoracic nerve** Injury to this nerve results in loss of function of the **serratus anterior.** Serratus anterior forms the medial wall of the axilla and functions to protract the scapula - it is necessary to hold the scapula against the thoracic wall

Question 475

Which vein empties into the brachial vein?

Answer 475

Basilic vein (#6, 5, 2)

Question 476

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Answer 476

Olecranon of the ulna

Question 477

Which structures is labeled by #4? What is its function? What are its attachments?

Answer 477

Flexor carpi radialis Flexes the wrist Medial epicondyle of the humerus, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Question 478

What are the terminal nerves of the brachial plexus? (Bonus: What compartments and actions does each nerve control?)

Answer 478

* **Musculocutaneous nerve** * Anterior arm * Shoulder/elbow flexion * **Radial nerve** * Posterior arm * Shoulder/elbow extension * Posterior forearm * Wrist and finger extension, elbow supination * **Median nerve** * **​**Anterior forearm * Wrist and finger flexion, elbow pronation * **Ulnar nerve** * **​**Anterior forearm * Wrist and finger flexion, elbow pronation * Doesn't do quite as much as the median nerve * **Axillary nerve** * Deltoid, teres minor * Shoulder abduction, lateral rotation

Question 479

What muscle is labeled by #2?

Answer 479

Infraspinatus | (Part of rotator cuff)

Question 480

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 480

Clavicle

Question 481

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Answer 481

Extensor carpi ulnaris Note: this is the most medial muscle of the superficial posterior forearm

Question 482

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Answer 482

Biceps brachii

Question 483

All of the labeled structures together are known as which structure? (Which labeled muscle is technically not part of this structure?)

Answer 483

Rotator cuff #2 (Tendon of the long head of biceps brachii) is not part of the rotator cuff

Question 484

is labeled by #2?

Answer 484

Acromion of the scapula *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 485

List the muscles of the rotator cuff, their attachments, and their innervation

Answer 485

* **Supraspinatus** * Scapula, greater tuberosity of humerus * Suprascapular nerve * **Infraspinatus** * Scapula, greater tuberosity of humerus * Suprascapular nerve * **Teres minor** * Scapula (lateral border), greater tuberosity of humerus * Axillary nerve * **Subscapularis** * Scapula, _lesser_ tuberosity of humerus * Subscapular nerve

Question 486

Which muscle is labeled by #8? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 486

Serratus anterior Long thoracic nerve

Question 487

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Answer 487

Anatomical neck of the humerus

Question 488

Damage to which nerve results in “claw hand” (abducted thumb with extended MC-P joints and flexed IP joints;)

Answer 488

Ulnar nerve (Kitty hand)

Question 489

Which muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

Answer 489

Deltoid, teres minor

Question 490

Which structure is labeled by #8? What innervates it?

Answer 490

Teres major Lower subscapular nerve

Question 491

What is wrong with this shoulder joint? What nerve is most likely injured? What is the most likely deficit?

Answer 491

Anterior dislocation Axillary nerve Arm abduction

Question 492

Which muscle is labeled by #2?

Answer 492

Pectoralis minor (Attaches to the ribs and coracoid process, while pec major attaches to ribs, clavicle, and great tuberosity of the humerus)

Question 493

Which boney structure is labeled by #1?

Answer 493

Spine of the scapula *Fig. 11.6 Adapted from Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy, second edition, Fig. 20.2A.*

Question 494

If a paitent cannot flex their index or middle finger, which nerve is most likely injured?

Answer 494

Median nerve

Question 495

Which structure is labeled by #19? What is its function? What are its attachments? What is its innervation?

Answer 495

Flexor carpi ulnaris Flex the wrist (medial side) Pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve

Question 496

Which structure is labeled by #9?

Answer 496

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 497

Which muscle is labeled by #6? Which nerve supplies it?

Answer 497

Teres major Lower subscauplar nerve