SLOA: STUDIES - NAME/EXPLANATION Flashcards
Howarth 2002
Brixton ingroups: girls from Brixton were interviewed about themselves and their answers compared to people who were outside from Brixton. Results show Brixton girls had a positive image of being from the area, while people from the outside found it negative.
Berry
Two culture conformity: investigation of people from Canada who hunt and fish individually and Sierra Leone people who raise agriculture together. Findings show Sierra Leone conformed easily, while Canadians did not.
Tajfel and Turner
SIT: group based identities come from ingroups and outgroups where favouritism occurs as well as bias.
Simmel
Situational factors: showed participants moving figures and asked to describe them. All answered it looked like figures were intentionally moving.
Ross et al
FAE. Participants were randomly assigned to be the questioner or the contestant, observers observed. Questioners made up their own questions and contestant answered, if not within 30s the correct answer was revealed. Findings show contestants and observers rated the questioner to be smarter.
Posey and Smith 2003
SSB: Children asked to do math problems with a friend or a non friend. Later they were asked who did better. Children who sat with a friend gave their credit and didn’t show strong SSB, while those with a non friend did show SSB
Tajfel 1970
SIT: school boys were asked to evaluate the number of dots flashing on screen, and were randomly assigned the role of under or overestimator. Then the boys were to allocate money sums, only knowing the group. Most boys gave out more money to members of the same group.
Katz et al
Stereotypes: asked 100 students to describe different ethnic groups in five traits. Results show there was significant agreement on stereotypes, particularly the negative ones.
Katz et al + Gilbert
Stereotypes: asked 100 students to describe different ethnic groups in five traits. Results show there was significant agreement on stereotypes, particularly the negative ones. Gilbert: a follow up replication - less agreement on bad traits, still strong ingroup bias.
Bandura et al
Bobo doll: young children in three groups: 1 aggressive behaviour of adult towards bobo doll 2 play with toys 3 control, also same sex / different sex. Then, children were brought into the room and told not to play with toys to frustrate them. Results: 1 very aggressive towards bobo doll, same sex was imitated more.
Charlton et al 2002
Stereotypes: television was introduced to an island in 1995, and children were observed to see if their aggression level would increase. Results showed there was no difference. Island was very controlled, meaning they could learn but not express it.
Regan
Reciprocity: participants asked to rate paintings while in the same room with a stooge. Group 1 stooge left and returned with two coke bottles, group 2 stooge returned with one bottle. Later, the stooge asked that he was selling tickets for a raffle and most sold would receive the most money, would the participant buy one? Results showed G1 bought twice as many as G2.
Dickerson et al 1992
Foot in the door: students were asked to save water while showering. The other group has signed a poster and done a survey before this, while the other did not. Results show the first group
Dickerson et al 1992
Foot in the door: students were asked to save water while showering. The other group has signed a poster and done a survey before this, while the other did not. Results show the first group saved an average of 3m more.
Asch 1950
Conformity: seven students were shown two cards and asked which of the first lines is the same as second. Six stooges gave all the same wrong answer, and control group everyone answered separately. In control group no one made a mistake, in experiment 40% did.
