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2nd Year > SLK 220 Sem test 3&4 > Flashcards

SLK 220 Sem test 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is normative influence

A

going along with the crowd in order to be liked and accepted

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2
Q

what is the autokinetic effect

A

the illusion of movement caused by slight eye movements

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3
Q

what are group norms

A

beliefs or behaviours that a group of people accept as normal

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4
Q

what is informational influence

A

going along with the crowd because you think the crowd knows more than you do

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of situations that increase how likely you are to be affected by informational influence

A

ambiguous situations
crisis situations

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4
Q

what is pluralistic ignorance

A

looking to others for cues on how to behave, whilst they are looking to you- collective misinterpretation

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4
Q

what are the 2 kinds of social influence

A

normative and informational

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4
Q

what does normative social influence produce

A

public compliance

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4
Q

what does informational social influence produce

A

private acceptance

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5
Q

what are the 4 basic principles that social influence techniques can be organized into
CRSC

A

commitment and consistency
reciprocation
scarcity
capturing and disrupting attention

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6
Q

what are the 4 techniques of social influence based on commitment and consistency
FBLL

A

Foot-in-the-door technique
Bait-and-switch technique
low-ball technique
labelling technique

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7
Q

what is cognitive dissonance

A

psychological discomfort caused by inconsistent behaviour

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8
Q

what are the 2 techniques of social influence based on reciprocation
DT

A

door-in-the-face technique
thats-not-all technique

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9
Q

what are the 2 techniques of social influence based on scarcity
FL

A

Fast-approaching-deadline technique
limited-number technique

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10
Q

what are the 2 techniques of social influence based on capturing and disrupting attention
PD

A

pique technique
disrupt-then-reframe

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11
Q

What concept did Carl Hovland come up with

A

who says what to whom

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12
Q

according to Hovland, what is the “who” in “who says what to whom”

A

the source

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13
Q

according to Hovland, what is the “says what” in “who says what to whom”

A

the message

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14
Q

according to Hovland, what is the “to whom” in “who says what to whom”

A

the audience

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15
Q

what are the 2 aspects to “the source”

A

source credibility
source likeability

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16
Q

what are the 3 aspects to “the message”
ROR

A

reason vs emotion
one-sided vs two-sided messages
repetition

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17
Q

what are the 4 aspects to “the audience”
COIN

A

cultural differences
overhead messages
intelligence
need for cognition

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18
Q

what is the sleeper effect

A

the finding that over time, people separated the message from the messenger

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19
Q

what 2 characteristics makes a source credible

A

expertise and trustworthiness

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20
Q

what 2 factors influence whether we like someone

A

similarity
physical attractiveness

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21
Q

what is the halo effect

A

the assumption that because people have one desirable trait, they also possess many other desirable traits

22
Q

what is advertisement wear-out

A

inattention and irritation that occurs after an audience has encountered the same advertisement too many times

23
Q

what is need for cognition

A

a tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful thinking, analysis and mental problem solving

24
Q

what 2 models suggest 2 different routes to persuasion

A

elaboration likelihood model
heuristic/systematic model

26
Q

what is psychological reactance

A

an unpleasant emotional response caused by someone persuading you and trying to take your freedom of choice. this results in resistance

27
Q

what is negative attitude change

A

aka boomerang effect
people do the opposite of what they’re being persuaded to do

28
Q

what is prosocial behaviour

A

doing something good for other people or for society as a whole

29
Q

what is rule of law

A

when members of a society respect and follow its rules

30
Q

what is reciprocity

A

the obligation to return in kind what is done for us

31
Q

what are the 2 norms that promote fairness

A

equity and equality

32
Q

what is equity

A

each person receives benefits in proportion to what they have contributed

33
Q

what is equality

A

everyone gets the same amount

34
Q

what is sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison

A

the interpersonal concern about the consequences of outperforming others

35
Q

what is direct reciprocity

A

paying back the same person who does something nice for you

36
Q

what is generalised reciprocity

A

performing kind acts towards anyone after someone has been kind to you

37
Q

what is moral reasoning

A

using logical deductions to make moral judgements based on abstract principles of right and wrong

38
Q

what are moral intuitions

A

judgements about whether an action is right or wrong that occur automatically and rely on emotional feelings

39
Q

what are the 2 moral foundations that both liberals and conservatives uphold

A

disapproval of people hurting eachother
importance of fairness

40
Q

what are the 3 aspects of the moral foundation of conservatives
RLP

A

Respect for legitimate authority
Loyalty to one’s group
Purity/sanctity

41
Q

what is cooperation based on

A

reciprocity

42
Q

what is the prisoners dillemma

A

a study on cooperation that forces people to choose between a cooperative act and another act that combines being competitive, exploitive and defensive.

43
Q

what is altruistic punishment

A

people will accept costs in order to punish someone who breaks the rules (costs like reduce in payment)

44
Q

what is kin selection

A

we should help those who share our genes (and we help those with a closer blood relation first (eg- help a sibling before a cousin))

45
Q

what is empathy

A

reacting to another person’s emotional state by experiencing the same emotional state

46
Q

what are the 2 motives for helping

A

altruism and egoism

47
Q

what is egoistic helping

A

the helper helps because they want something in return

48
Q

what is altruistic helping

A

the helper helps not expecting anything in return. it is also motivated by empathy

49
Q

what are the 4 aspects of “who helps whom?”
GEBB

A

Gender
Emotion and mood
Beautiful victims
Belief in a just world

50
Q

what are the 5 steps to helping
NITKP

A

1- notice that something is happening
2- interpret meaning of event (emergency?)
3- take responsibility for providing help
4- know how to help
5- provide help

51
Q

what is the obstacle for step 1/notice that something is happening

A

being distracted

52
Q

what is the obstacle for step 2/interpret meaning of event

A

pluralistic ignorance and unsure whether its an emergency

53
Q

what is the obstacle for step 3/take responsibility for providing help

A

diffusion of responsibility

54
Q

what is diffusion of responsibility

A

the reduction in feeling responsible that occurs when others are present

55
Q

what is the obstacle for step 4/knowing how to help

A

the feeling of incompetence

56
Q

what is the obstacle for step 5/providing help

A

audience inhibition
getting help in a public setting

57
Q

what is audience inhibition

A

people do not want to feel foolish in front of others if they offer help and the person does not want help

58
Q

what is moral inclusion

A

treating all people as ingroup members

59
Q

what is the scale called that measures moral inclusion

A

identification with all humanity scale

2nd Year (6 decks)

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