slides/ short answer for quiz 3

Question 1

when did the greeks begin to move away from religion and magic and towards medicine?

Answer 1

5th century BCE

Question 2

what is the most famous asklepion?

Answer 2

temple at epidaurus

Question 3

who are the beginnings of rational medicine attributed to?

Answer 3

hippocrates
around 430 BCE

Question 4

palaistra

Answer 4

wrestling ground. battle field where they treated wounds

Question 5

what was gynecology like?

Answer 5

they didnt know about the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or causes of menstruation.
appreciated placenta <3
weird theories about womb

Question 6

who was the first Greek doctor to come to rome?

Answer 6

archagathus of spartan in 219 BCE

Question 7

who were the earliest doctors of rome?

Answer 7

-Archagathus of Spain:firsaat Greek doctor to come to rome in 219 BCE
- Asclepiade: one century later became self taught physician

Question 8

how were doctors trained in rome?

Answer 8

• anyone could set up a practice
• no formal teaching or training
• apprentice system

Question 9

what was the role of female doctors in rome?

Answer 9

called “medicae” and they were not that unusual. mainly concerned with conditions/diseases of women. had the role of midwives, (“obstetrices”)

Question 10

what were attributes of a good midwife?

Answer 10

literate, quickwitted, good memory, diligent, respectable

Question 11

what was the role of military doctors in rome?

Answer 11

they performed more complex and dangerous procedures than would be done in civilian life. infection was a big concern.

Question 12

how was surgery done in ancient rome?

Answer 12

• lack of knowledge about anatomy, so anesthesia
• goal was to get operation done as quickly as possible
• infection!!!!!

Question 13

what were some examples of surgical instruments used in ancient rome?

Answer 13

scalpels, forceps, hooks, probes, and needles. bloodletting bell

Question 14

who was a notable roman gynecologist?

Answer 14

Soranus of Ephesus. he believed that the function of marriage was to produce a family.

Question 15

what were the focuses of gynecology in ancient rome?

Answer 15

• childbirth: super risky
  -contraception: smearing uterus with olive oil or honey, drinking juice of silphium plant
• abortion: violent exercise, protracted baths, abstention from food and drink
• exposure: final resort to get rid of unwanted child

Question 16

what was hysteria?

Answer 16

belief that the uterus was a mobile organ and travelled around the body

Question 17

what was the role of ophthalmology in ancient rome?

Answer 17

eye diseases were common and usually treated with ointments. removal of ingrown eyelashes

Question 18

what were some medical treaments of rome?

Answer 18

• folk treatments
• divine healing
• preventative medicine

Question 19

what were the steps to be cured from sickness in ancient rome?

Answer 19

1. travel to an asclepion
2. make offerings and sacrifices to the god
3. sleep in special dormitory with sacred snakes
4. tell dreams to priest in the morning to find out treatment
5. asclepius visit you in your dream and heal you if youre lucky

Question 20

who is the goddess of magic?

Answer 20

hecate

Question 21

who was Socrates ?

Answer 21

super important guy. didn’t record any of his life or thoughts. documented through his pupil, plato. taught in public spaces. believed that wisdom is awareness of one’s own ignorance. invented the Dialectic Method. sentenced to death for impiety and corrupting the youth

Question 22

what is the socratic method?

Answer 22

asking questions and using rules and models of reasoning to come to conclusions. this was how socrates taught.

Question 23

What were the pre-socratic philosophers?

Answer 23

philosophers before socrates. “natural philosophers”. they were interested in the natural world and how it looked. tried to develop systems to describe nature’s fundamental laws. looked beyond supernatural to reason

Question 24

who were the pre-socratic philosophers?

Answer 24

pythagoras, democritus, and the sophists

Question 25

who was Pythagoras?

Answer 25

viewed philosophy as a brotherhood and way of life. came up with pythagorean theorem and music. believed in immortality and transmigration of the souls -> vegetarian. believed universe was a living creature and each individual contained as fragment of the divine whole that was trapped in the physical body

Question 26

who was Democritus?

Answer 26

came up with Atomic theory. claimed the world consisted of atoms and particles, all in constant state of motion.

Question 27

break down "atomic"

Answer 27

prefix: a - not base: tom - to cut

Question 28

who were the sophists?

Answer 28

5th century BCE. specific kind of teacher who travelled teaching skills for public life. taught "Arete" - excellence or virtue. believed perception is relative, no absolute justice or right or wrong. criticized by socrates and viewed as scam artists

Question 29

who was Plato?

Answer 29

pupil of socrates and documented his teachings. founded the Academy - first establishment of higher education in greek and roman world. theory of forms

Question 30

what was the Academy?

Answer 30

first establishment of higher education in greek and roman world. founded by plato

Question 31

what was the theory of forms?

Answer 31

plato: sense perception is unreliable, and when we perceive a thing, we only see part of the whole picture. the perfect reality that underlies what we perceive is the true form.

Question 32

who was Aristotle?

Answer 32

pupil of plato, became head of the Academy. tutored Alexander the Great. founded his own school called the Lyceum. believed in the power of human mind to perceive the basic nature of objective reality when assisted by observation and deductive logic.

Question 33

Homer's thoughts on psyche

Answer 33

that it is the part of the person that lives on after death. feeble, shadowy, and insubstantial

Question 34

plato's thoughts on psyche

Answer 34

coined 3 terms for various aspects of the non-physical element of human beings: psyche, nous, and thumos. believed the soul consisted of three parts and is separate from the body.

Question 35

what did plato believe were the three parts of the soul?

Answer 35

- rational, logical, and concerned with thinking - irrational, illogical, concerned with appetites and desires - passionate, concerned with emotions

Question 36

what were aristotle's thoughts on psyche?

Answer 36

didn't care what it was, but how it relates to the world around it. believed it responsible for thought and sense perception. - soul: cause and originating force of the living body - psyche is the thing for which the body exists - man perceives his environment through his senses

Question 37

3 parts of aristole's psyche

Answer 37

1. association - we remember things because they are similar to things with which we are already familiar 2. contrast - we remember things because they are opposites of things we already know 3. contiguity- things that occur together which are not ordinarily associated and afterwards reminds us of the other

Question 38

what was the story of Oedipus?

Answer 38

prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother. parents expose him as an infant, but he survives. encounters a sphinx, solves riddle, saves thebes, then blinds and exiles himself. (bro is a psychopath)

Question 39

what is the oedipus complex?

Answer 39

male child feels sexual desire for his mother and wishes to control his father (WTF!!!)

Question 40

what was the story of Electra?

Answer 40

agamemnons daughter. she convinces orestes to kill clytemnestra (her mom).

Question 41

what is the Electra complex?

Answer 41

female child feels desire for her father and wants to get rid of her mother (WTF!!!)