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latin & greek classics 101 > mythology > Flashcards

mythology Flashcards

1
Q

what is mythology?

A

study of stories

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2
Q

steps of the creation of the world

A

chaos -> ge/gaia -> uranus -> fertilized earth

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3
Q

what is theogony?

A

“birth of the gods”

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4
Q

briefly explain theogony

A
  1. gaia and uranus given birth to the titans, including kronos
  2. kronos castrates uranus and rules in his plane
  3. kronos marries rhea (his sister) and she gives birth to zeus
  4. kronos eats the children he has with rhea (except zeus)
  5. zeus escapes to crete
  6. the rest of the children are thrown up: demeter, hades, hera, hestia, poseidon
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5
Q

what is an attribute?

A

associated tokens often used to identify a god in art

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6
Q

what is an epithet?

A

descriptive phrases that describe the god

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7
Q

attributes of zeus

A

thunderbolt, throne, eagle, oak tree, scepter

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8
Q

epithets of zeus

A

father of gods and men, son of kronos, cloud- gatherer

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9
Q

attributes of hera

A

peacock, scepter, throne

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10
Q

epithets of hera

A

cow-eyed, argive

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11
Q

attributes of poseidon

A

trident, marine life, older with beard

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12
Q

epithets of poseidon

A

earth-shaker

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13
Q

attributes of aphrodite

A

nude, doves, often shown with son Eros/cupid

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14
Q

epithets of aphrodite

A

laughter-loving

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15
Q

attributes of eros/cupid

A

bow and arrow

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16
Q

epithets of eros/cupid

A

beautiful, limb-loosening

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17
Q

attributes of ares

A

armor, weapons, often with aphrodite/venus

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18
Q

epithets of ares

A

man-slaughtering, brazen

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19
Q

attributes of athena

A

aegis (goat skin shield/ cloak), owl, woman in armor

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20
Q

epithets of athena

A

pallas, parthenos, daughter of zeus, patron goddess of athens

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21
Q

attributes of hephaestus

A

hammer and anvil, tongs

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22
Q

epithets of hephaestus

A

smith, the lame god

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23
Q

attributes of Artemis

A

short dress, bow and arrow, wildlife (often deer)

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24
Q

epithets of artemis

A

far-shooter, shooter of deer, virgin goddess

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25
attributes of apollo
laurel tree, lyre
26
epithets of apollo
far shooter, phoebus (bright), paean (healer)
27
attributes of muses
alluring, songs, singing, music, dance, associated with apollo
28
epithets of muses
inspiring to poets, artistic
29
attributes of hermes
winged sandals, travelers cap, herald's staff often with twin serpents
30
epithets of hermes
messenger of the gods
31
attributes of iris
messenger, communication, rainbow
32
epithets of iris
of the swift feet
33
attributes of demeter/ ceres
wheat, torches, cornucopia, often with her daughter persephone
34
epithets of demeter/ ceres
goddess of harvest, mother of fields
35
attributes of dionysus
vines, leopard skins, pinecone staff, often accompanied by satyrs and maenads
36
epithets of dionysus
roarer, the freer
37
attributes of pluto/ hades
rooster, with persephone
38
epithets of hades/ pluto
receiver of many, pluotos (wealthy)
39
what is hades?
the name of the underworld as well as the god in charge of it cold, dark, cheerless place under the earth
40
where does the word "lethargic" come from?
the lethe river in the underworld. lēthē = "forgetfulness"
41
what are the two main divine punishments?
sisyphus (pushing boulder) and tantalus (out of reach fruit and water)
42
what is the story of hercules?
child of zeus and a mortal: alcmene. this made him a demigod. hera, zeus' wife hates hercules and tries to kill him with serpents, but he kills them instead. she then drives him crazy causing him to kill his wife and kids. to be purified of guilt, he must serve his cousin eurystheus for 12 years (the labors of hercules). he died after completing these
43
what are the 12 labors of hercules?
1. the nemean lion 2. the hydra of lerna 3. the deer of keryneia 4. the erymanthian boar 5. the augean stables 6. the stymphalian birds 7. the cretan bull 8. the horses of diomedes 9. the belt of the amazons 10. geryon 11. the apples of the herperides 12. cerberus
44
who was theseus?
athenian by birth, son of the king of athens. defeated the minotaur. ariadne and her ball of string. recaught the cretan bull and sacrificed it to apollo
45
what was the trojan war?
10 year war between the greeks and the trojans
46
main characters of the trojan war
zeus, athena, hera, aphrodite, paris, menelaus, priam, achilles, and odyssues
47
who won the trojan war?
the greeks, using the trojan horse
48
who were the greek heroes of the trojan war?
agamemnon, achilles, ajax, odysseus, nestor, stentor
49
who was agamemnon?
older brother of menelaus. fought and survived the war but then killed by his wife clytemnestra
50
who was achilles?
swift of feet. most famous hero of the war, son of peleus (a mortal) and thetis ( a sea nymph). only vulnerable at small place on his heel. killed in the last year of the war
51
who was ajax?
best fighter after achilles, competed for achilles armor, very muscular and strong
52
who was odysseus?
awarded achilles armor, not very strong physically, but had a strong mind.
53
who was nestor?
oldest of the greek heroes at troy. king of pylos, always a source of wise advice
54
who was stentor?
herald at the trojan war. voice said to be as loud as 50 men
55
who were the trojan heroes of the war?
hector, aeneas, anchises, cassandra
56
who was hector?
son of king priam, brother to paris. great fighter and great man. killed by achilles shortly before the sack of troy
57
who was aeneas?
hero of troy and of rome
58
true or false: aeneas founded rome
false
59
who was anchises?
father of aeneas, survived because aeneas carried him on his back after the siege of troy
60
who was cassandra?
daughter of king priam. prophet of apollo. no one would believe her. taken back with agamemnon and killed by clytemnestra
61
what does "the judgement of paris" mean?
story of troy where prince paris had to choose out of 3 beautiful goddesses. he chose aphrodite who promised him he would have helen as his wife, but she was already married to menaleaus and that started a war.
62

latin & greek classics 101 (13 decks)

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