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latin & greek classics 101 > mythology > Flashcards

mythology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is mythology?

A

study of stories

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2
Q

steps of the creation of the world

A

chaos -> ge/gaia -> uranus -> fertilized earth

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3
Q

what is theogony?

A

“birth of the gods”

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4
Q

briefly explain theogony

A
  1. gaia and uranus given birth to the titans, including kronos
  2. kronos castrates uranus and rules in his plane
  3. kronos marries rhea (his sister) and she gives birth to zeus
  4. kronos eats the children he has with rhea (except zeus)
  5. zeus escapes to crete
  6. the rest of the children are thrown up: demeter, hades, hera, hestia, poseidon
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5
Q

what is an attribute?

A

associated tokens often used to identify a god in art

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6
Q

what is an epithet?

A

descriptive phrases that describe the god

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7
Q

attributes of zeus

A

thunderbolt, throne, eagle, oak tree, scepter

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8
Q

epithets of zeus

A

father of gods and men, son of kronos, cloud- gatherer

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9
Q

attributes of hera

A

peacock, scepter, throne

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10
Q

epithets of hera

A

cow-eyed, argive

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11
Q

attributes of poseidon

A

trident, marine life, older with beard

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12
Q

epithets of poseidon

A

earth-shaker

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13
Q

attributes of aphrodite

A

nude, doves, often shown with son Eros/cupid

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14
Q

epithets of aphrodite

A

laughter-loving

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15
Q

attributes of eros/cupid

A

bow and arrow

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16
Q

epithets of eros/cupid

A

beautiful, limb-loosening

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17
Q

attributes of ares

A

armor, weapons, often with aphrodite/venus

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18
Q

epithets of ares

A

man-slaughtering, brazen

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19
Q

attributes of athena

A

aegis (goat skin shield/ cloak), owl, woman in armor

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20
Q

epithets of athena

A

pallas, parthenos, daughter of zeus, patron goddess of athens

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21
Q

attributes of hephaestus

A

hammer and anvil, tongs

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22
Q

epithets of hephaestus

A

smith, the lame god

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23
Q

attributes of Artemis

A

short dress, bow and arrow, wildlife (often deer)

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24
Q

epithets of artemis

A

far-shooter, shooter of deer, virgin goddess

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25
Q

attributes of apollo

A

laurel tree, lyre

26
Q

epithets of apollo

A

far shooter, phoebus (bright), paean (healer)

27
Q

attributes of muses

A

alluring, songs, singing, music, dance, associated with apollo

28
Q

epithets of muses

A

inspiring to poets, artistic

29
Q

attributes of hermes

A

winged sandals, travelers cap, herald’s staff often with twin serpents

30
Q

epithets of hermes

A

messenger of the gods

31
Q

attributes of iris

A

messenger, communication, rainbow

32
Q

epithets of iris

A

of the swift feet

33
Q

attributes of demeter/ ceres

A

wheat, torches, cornucopia, often with her daughter persephone

34
Q

epithets of demeter/ ceres

A

goddess of harvest, mother of fields

35
Q

attributes of dionysus

A

vines, leopard skins, pinecone staff, often accompanied by satyrs and maenads

36
Q

epithets of dionysus

A

roarer, the freer

37
Q

attributes of pluto/ hades

A

rooster, with persephone

38
Q

epithets of hades/ pluto

A

receiver of many, pluotos (wealthy)

39
Q

what is hades?

A

the name of the underworld as well as the god in charge of it
cold, dark, cheerless place under the earth

40
Q

where does the word “lethargic” come from?

A

the lethe river in the underworld. lēthē = “forgetfulness”

41
Q

what are the two main divine punishments?

A

sisyphus (pushing boulder) and tantalus (out of reach fruit and water)

42
Q

what is the story of hercules?

A

child of zeus and a mortal: alcmene. this made him a demigod. hera, zeus’ wife hates hercules and tries to kill him with serpents, but he kills them instead. she then drives him crazy causing him to kill his wife and kids. to be purified of guilt, he must serve his cousin eurystheus for 12 years (the labors of hercules). he died after completing these

43
Q

what are the 12 labors of hercules?

A
  1. the nemean lion
  2. the hydra of lerna
  3. the deer of keryneia
  4. the erymanthian boar
  5. the augean stables
  6. the stymphalian birds
  7. the cretan bull
  8. the horses of diomedes
  9. the belt of the amazons
  10. geryon
  11. the apples of the herperides
  12. cerberus
44
Q

who was theseus?

A

athenian by birth, son of the king of athens. defeated the minotaur. ariadne and her ball of string. recaught the cretan bull and sacrificed it to apollo

45
Q

what was the trojan war?

A

10 year war between the greeks and the trojans

46
Q

main characters of the trojan war

A

zeus, athena, hera, aphrodite, paris, menelaus, priam, achilles, and odyssues

47
Q

who won the trojan war?

A

the greeks, using the trojan horse

48
Q

who were the greek heroes of the trojan war?

A

agamemnon, achilles, ajax, odysseus, nestor, stentor

49
Q

who was agamemnon?

A

older brother of menelaus. fought and survived the war but then killed by his wife clytemnestra

50
Q

who was achilles?

A

swift of feet. most famous hero of the war, son of peleus (a mortal) and thetis ( a sea nymph). only vulnerable at small place on his heel. killed in the last year of the war

51
Q

who was ajax?

A

best fighter after achilles, competed for achilles armor, very muscular and strong

52
Q

who was odysseus?

A

awarded achilles armor, not very strong physically, but had a strong mind.

53
Q

who was nestor?

A

oldest of the greek heroes at troy. king of pylos, always a source of wise advice

54
Q

who was stentor?

A

herald at the trojan war. voice said to be as loud as 50 men

55
Q

who were the trojan heroes of the war?

A

hector, aeneas, anchises, cassandra

56
Q

who was hector?

A

son of king priam, brother to paris. great fighter and great man. killed by achilles shortly before the sack of troy

57
Q

who was aeneas?

A

hero of troy and of rome

58
Q

true or false: aeneas founded rome

A

false

59
Q

who was anchises?

A

father of aeneas, survived because aeneas carried him on his back after the siege of troy

60
Q

who was cassandra?

A

daughter of king priam. prophet of apollo. no one would believe her. taken back with agamemnon and killed by clytemnestra

61
Q

what does “the judgement of paris” mean?

A

story of troy where prince paris had to choose out of 3 beautiful goddesses. he chose aphrodite who promised him he would have helen as his wife, but she was already married to menaleaus and that started a war.

62
Q
A

latin & greek classics 101 (13 decks)

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