commerce and economics

Question 1

what did greek farmers mainly produce?

Answer 1

barley, wine, olives

Question 2

how did greeks get grain?

Answer 2

imported from the black sea

Question 3

how did greeks use olives?

Answer 3

made olive oil and exported

Question 4

how did roman agriculture work?

Answer 4

small farms in italy were bought up by wealthy landownders and converted to estates. they used animal labor and slaves.

Question 5

latin work for estates

Answer 5

latifundia

Question 6

what was carthaginian agriculture?

Answer 6

based on large estates worked by slave labor with a high degree of specialization and run on a profit-making basis.

Question 7

land that belonged to the state

Answer 7

ager publicus

Question 8

acres

Answer 8

iugera

Question 9

what was centuriation?

Answer 9

public land that was divided up occasionally and allotted to citizens of rome. carefully surveyed and measured into strips

Question 10

latin word for centuriation

Answer 10

centuriatio

Question 11

what does “centum” mean?

Answer 11

100

Question 12

latin word for plots

Answer 12

heredia

Question 13

latin word for boundary lines

Answer 13

limites

Question 14

what was used as money in early times?

Answer 14

cattle, tools (axes, rings, metal bars)

Question 15

word for greek unit of money

Answer 15

balance

Question 16

drachme meaning

Answer 16

handful

Question 17

what was the obol?

Answer 17

greek unit for money, consisting of 6 nails

Question 18

explain the invention of coinage

Answer 18

630 BCE king in asia shaped lumps of metal and stamped them, influencing everyone else

Question 19

what is numismatics?

Answer 19

study of coinage.
nomisma “custom, coin”

Question 20

most important denominations

Answer 20

drachma, mina, talent

Question 21

how did athenians use coins?

Answer 21

their coins had intrinsic value, so they could be used to trade anywhere in the Mediterranean. they passed a decree enforcing the use of coinage which increased their control in the aegean

Question 22

word for bankers in ancient greece

Answer 22

trapezitai

Question 23

word for tables in ancient greek

Answer 23

trapezai

Question 24

what was banking like in ancient greece?

Answer 24

bankers set up tables around temples. they also lent money and had developed insurance practices (bottomry loans for high risk ships)

Question 25

how did the athenians develop power over the seas?

Answer 25

developed harbor at piraeus and rebuilt long walls between athens and piraeus. maintained strength of their fleet. its central location helped the city control trade.

Question 26

what does “ploutos” mean?

Answer 26

wealth

Question 27

industria

Answer 27

industry

Question 28

what was an important center for athenian navy, industry, and commerce?

Answer 28

Piraeus

Question 29

greek word for marketplaces

Answer 29

agorai

Question 30

how did athens control trade?

Answer 30

restricted markets of other Greek city-states by banning merchants from the marketplaces. also managed the shipping that passed through the straits of Hellespont and regulated the trade in grain. Athenian merchants had a preferential trade agreement with the rulers of the black sea area

Question 31

what was trade like in ancietn rome?

Answer 31

entrepreneurial trade by merchants was limited. most trade consisted of the shipment of raw materials and foodstuffs undertaken by the imperial government.

Question 32

what was pax Romana?>

Answer 32

a long period of peace and prosperity within rome

Question 33

how did romans trade?

Answer 33

through extensive road network they built.

Question 34

what was the ancient rome road network financed by?

Answer 34

public treasury, local contributions, and imperial assistance

Question 35

what were the 3 main road systems in ancient rome?

Answer 35

1. Appian Way - Via Appia
2. Flaminian Way - via flaminia
3. aemilian way - via aemilia