politics and law

Question 1

what does greek word “polis” mean?

Answer 1

city or body of citizens

Question 2

what does the greek word “astu” mean?

Answer 2

town

Question 3

what does the greek base “acro” mean?

Answer 3

high

Question 4

how were cities described in greece?

Answer 4

family, legal system, and army

Question 5

what does it mean to say man is a “political animal”?

Answer 5

society came into being for a natural purpose. human beings nee to form communities in order to survive. human beings by nature tend to live in cities.

Question 6

what is the most basic unit of a society?

Answer 6

family

Question 7

what were features of the greek polis?

Answer 7

war among greek city-states and larger forces. also autonomy and political freedom

Question 8

who coined the term “political animal”

Answer 8

aristotle

Question 9

what is the latin word for city?

Answer 9

urbs

Question 10

what is the latin word for citizen?

Answer 10

civis

Question 11

what is a greek monarchy?

Answer 11

variety of different types of rulers. (kings, tyrants, and other despots)

Question 12

what was the council of elders advising the king called? (latin? greek?)

Answer 12

latin: senatus
greek: boule

Question 13

what does “noscere” mean?

Answer 13

to know

Question 14

what was an “ekklesia”?

Answer 14

assembly of people in the early monarchies

Question 15

true or false: the monarchy was strong in ancient greece

Answer 15

false

Question 16

what was hellenistic monarchy?

Answer 16

after invasion of the macedonians, alexander the great defeated the persian empire and a strong monarchy arose, using many characteristics of the persian type

Question 17

latin word for leader

Answer 17

princeps or dux

Question 18

how did greek tyrants compare and contrast to modern day tyrants?

Answer 18

contrast: greek tyrants weren’t always “bad”. some were moderate and quite popular. modern day tyrants are known as overbearing and evil.
compare: revolutionary leaders who overthrow monarchies. wealthy through trade, change in military tactices, and socio-economic changes. unconstitutional

Question 19

greek word for “people”

Answer 19

demos

Question 20

greek word for “power, dominion”

Answer 20

kratos

Question 21

what does “demokratia” mean?

Answer 21

popular government, power in the hands of the people

Question 22

who started athenian democracy?

Answer 22

cleisthenes

Question 23

main features of athenian democracy

Answer 23

1. redistribution of citizens of athens into artificial rather than ethnic tribes
2. election of councilors by lot
3. short term of office for political leaders
4. sovereignty of ekklesia (popular assembly)
5. payment of political officers

Question 24

what is ostracism?

Answer 24

to exclude someone from a society or group

Question 25

true or false: democracy was very desirable in greek and roman times

Answer 25

false

Question 26

what is "rhetorica techne"?

Answer 26

art of public speaking

Question 27

why didnt ancient greeks and romans like democracy?

Answer 27

wealthy, educated class was preferable to a radical democracy. believed people could be too easily influenced by public speakers

Question 28

what does "regent" mean?

Answer 28

ruler

Question 29

what does latin base "regere" mean?

Answer 29

to rule

Question 30

what does latin base "senex" mean?

Answer 30

old

Question 31

who was aeneas?

Answer 31

trojan prince who fought in the trojan war, but flees. son of venus and anchises. traveled to italy and founded the city lavinium

Question 32

who founded rome?

Answer 32

descendents of aeneas' son ascanius/iulus

Question 32

what does "res publica" mean?

Answer 32

the affairs, or property of the people

Question 32

what is the founding date of rome?

Answer 32

april 21, 753 BCE

Question 32

who were romulus and remus?

Answer 32

twin sons of mars and rhea silvia. aeneas' descendents. exposed as infants, but nurtured by a she-wolf (lupa). overthrow their bad uncle amulius and reinstate numitor as king of alba longa. romulus built cool wall, remus made fun of it so romulus killed remus

Question 33

what was the first roman system of government?

Answer 33

Republic

Question 33

what does "libertas" mean?

Answer 33

freedom

Question 34

what did libertas mean in rome?

Answer 34

freedom of the wealthy, political classes to compete for political office without the domination of a monarch

Question 35

who found the Republic? when?

Answer 35

lucius junius brutus 509 BCE

Question 36

what was the roman Republic?

Answer 36

mixed constitution consisting of executive magistrates, an advisory senate drawn from the wealthy citizens, and popular assemblies

Question 37

what were roman magistracies?

Answer 37

advisory senate of wealthy citizens

Question 38

2 types of roman magistracies

Answer 38

junior and senior

Question 39

who were the senior magistracies?

Answer 39

consuls, praetors, and censors

Question 40

what roman magistracie had executive power over the army>

Answer 40

consul

Question 41

what roman magistracies administered the law?

Answer 41

praetors

Question 42

what roman magistracies took census, reviewed citizen body, and awarded contracts ?

Answer 42

censors

Question 43

what are the junior magistracies?

Answer 43

quaestors, aediles, and tribunes

Question 44

what roman magistracie administered the finances of the republic?

Answer 44

quaestors

Question 45

what roman magistracie administered the city, roads, and temples?

Answer 45

aediles

Question 46

what roman magistrie veto legislation, convenve senate, help citizens?

Answer 46

tribunes

Question 47

executive power

Answer 47

imperium

Question 48

what is a "fasces"?

Answer 48

bundle of sticks containing an axe that symbolized the executive power of the magistracies

Question 49

dico

Answer 49

to speak

Question 50

what does "comitia centuriata" mean?

Answer 50

assembled by centuries

Question 51

what does "comitia tributa" mean?

Answer 51

citizens assembling in tribes

Question 52

how many votes do the richest people get?

Answer 52

80

Question 53

how many votes do the second richest people get?

Answer 53

18

Question 54

how many votes do proletarians get?

Answer 54

1

Question 55

what was the roman senate?

Answer 55

made up of ex-magistrates. discussed and decided all issues of foreign and domestic policies. did not have legislative authority. responsible for discussing and drafting the laws to be proposed to the assembly.

Question 56

who were citizens in rome?

Answer 56

not enslaved people. women but they couldn't vote. mostly rich men

Question 57

word for the roman army

Answer 57

exercitus

Question 58

word for colonies in rome

Answer 58

coloniae

Question 59

what does "foedera" mean?

Answer 59

treaties

Question 60

latin word for free tributary states

Answer 60

municipia

Question 61

latin word for client patron relationship with other tribes

Answer 61

clientia

Question 62

who was julius caesar?

Answer 62

100-44 BCE. popular leader. politician.

Question 63

who was a part of the first triumvirate?

Answer 63

julius caesar, pompey, crassus

Question 64

what did Caesar do?

Answer 64

entered italy with army and starts civil war with pompey. pompey fled to egypt and was beheaded. JC appointed dictator for life.

Question 65

meaning of the phrase "dictator perpeteus"

Answer 65

dictator for life. julius caesar. 45 BCE.

Question 66

who was a part of the second triumvirate

Answer 66

octavian (augustus), mark antony (supporter of JC), Lepidus

Question 67

who was the first emperor of rome?

Answer 67

octavian

Question 68

what did the second triumvirate do?

Answer 68

civil war broke out between octavian and antony. octavian defeats antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 BCE.

Question 69

what was the Principate?

Answer 69

first period of roman empire. dyarchy (government power shared between emperor and senate).

Question 70

what was the golden age of rome?

Answer 70

Augustus. 27 BCE-14 CE.

Question 71

what was pax Romana

Answer 71

golden age of rome

Question 72

what did augustus do?

Answer 72

promoted himself as the restorer of traditional roman values, restores Republic, sponsors literature, transforms physical city and architecture,

Question 73

roman word for law

Answer 73

lex

Question 74

latin definition of law

Answer 74

contract, set form of words, a binding agreement

Question 75

who was princeps

Answer 75

augustus

Question 76

what was the Corpus Iuris Civilis ?

Answer 76

great legal code. purpose was to preserve law for prosperity abd assist education of law students. consisted of four main sections

Question 77

greek base "reg"

Answer 77

to rule, direct

Question 78

how did hellenistic monarchy relate to modern monarchy?

Answer 78

use of crown (corona), diadem, developement of court of advisers, conferment of rank and title such as Prince (princeps), and the idea of the divine right of kings

Question 79

what does "ostracize" mean?

Answer 79

voting by broken pottery shards

Question 80

what were magistracies?

Answer 80

replacement for king in the roman republic. power limited by principals of collegiality, accountability, and time

Question 81

what were "plebians"

Answer 81

immigrants from surrounding tribes

Question 82

what were patricians? `

Answer 82

founding fathers of the state

Question 83

from what magistracy does the english derivative "consulate" come from?

Answer 83

consul

Question 84

from which magistracy does the english derivative " pretoria" come from?

Answer 84

praetor

Question 85

from which magistracy does the english derivative "question" come from?

Answer 85

quaestor

Question 86

from which magistracy does the english derivative "edifice" come from?

Answer 86

aedile

Question 87

from which magistracy does the english derivative "censorship" come from?

Answer 87

censor

Question 88

from which magistracy does the english derivative "tribunal" come from

Answer 88

tribune

Question 89

how was the population of rome classified?

Answer 89

according to wealth

Question 90

class 1 requirements

Answer 90

100,000 asses, helmet, shield, greaves, breat plate, sword, spear

Question 91

equites/ equestrian class or knight requirements

Answer 91

10,000 asses and 2000 asses for feed

Question 92

class 2 requirements

Answer 92

75000 asses

Question 93

class 3 requirements

Answer 93

50000 asses

Question 94

class 4 requirements

Answer 94

25000 asses, sword, spear

Question 95

class 5 requirements

Answer 95

11000 asses, slings and stones