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latin & greek classics 101 > politics and law > Flashcards

politics and law Flashcards

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1
Q

what does greek word “polis” mean?

A

city or body of citizens

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2
Q

what does the greek word “astu” mean?

A

town

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3
Q

what does the greek base “acro” mean?

A

high

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4
Q

how were cities described in greece?

A

family, legal system, and army

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5
Q

what does it mean to say man is a “political animal”?

A

society came into being for a natural purpose. human beings nee to form communities in order to survive. human beings by nature tend to live in cities.

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6
Q

what is the most basic unit of a society?

A

family

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7
Q

what were features of the greek polis?

A

war among greek city-states and larger forces. also autonomy and political freedom

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8
Q

who coined the term “political animal”

A

aristotle

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9
Q

what is the latin word for city?

A

urbs

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10
Q

what is the latin word for citizen?

A

civis

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11
Q

what is a greek monarchy?

A

variety of different types of rulers. (kings, tyrants, and other despots)

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12
Q

what was the council of elders advising the king called? (latin? greek?)

A

latin: senatus
greek: boule

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13
Q

what does “noscere” mean?

A

to know

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14
Q

what was an “ekklesia”?

A

assembly of people in the early monarchies

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15
Q

true or false: the monarchy was strong in ancient greece

A

false

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16
Q

what was hellenistic monarchy?

A

after invasion of the macedonians, alexander the great defeated the persian empire and a strong monarchy arose, using many characteristics of the persian type

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17
Q

latin word for leader

A

princeps or dux

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18
Q

how did greek tyrants compare and contrast to modern day tyrants?

A

contrast: greek tyrants weren’t always “bad”. some were moderate and quite popular. modern day tyrants are known as overbearing and evil.
compare: revolutionary leaders who overthrow monarchies. wealthy through trade, change in military tactices, and socio-economic changes. unconstitutional

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19
Q

greek word for “people”

A

demos

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20
Q

greek word for “power, dominion”

A

kratos

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21
Q

what does “demokratia” mean?

A

popular government, power in the hands of the people

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22
Q

who started athenian democracy?

A

cleisthenes

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23
Q

main features of athenian democracy

A
  1. redistribution of citizens of athens into artificial rather than ethnic tribes
  2. election of councilors by lot
  3. short term of office for political leaders
  4. sovereignty of ekklesia (popular assembly)
  5. payment of political officers
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24
Q

what is ostracism?

A

to exclude someone from a society or group

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25
Q

true or false: democracy was very desirable in greek and roman times

A

false

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26
Q

what is “rhetorica techne”?

A

art of public speaking

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27
Q

why didnt ancient greeks and romans like democracy?

A

wealthy, educated class was preferable to a radical democracy. believed people could be too easily influenced by public speakers

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28
Q

what does “regent” mean?

A

ruler

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29
Q

what does latin base “regere” mean?

A

to rule

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30
Q

what does latin base “senex” mean?

A

old

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31
Q

who was aeneas?

A

trojan prince who fought in the trojan war, but flees. son of venus and anchises. traveled to italy and founded the city lavinium

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32
Q

who founded rome?

A

descendents of aeneas’ son ascanius/iulus

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32
Q

what does “res publica” mean?

A

the affairs, or property of the people

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32
Q

what is the founding date of rome?

A

april 21, 753 BCE

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32
Q

who were romulus and remus?

A

twin sons of mars and rhea silvia. aeneas’ descendents. exposed as infants, but nurtured by a she-wolf (lupa). overthrow their bad uncle amulius and reinstate numitor as king of alba longa. romulus built cool wall, remus made fun of it so romulus killed remus

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33
Q

what was the first roman system of government?

A

Republic

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33
Q

what does “libertas” mean?

A

freedom

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34
Q

what did libertas mean in rome?

A

freedom of the wealthy, political classes to compete for political office without the domination of a monarch

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35
Q

who found the Republic? when?

A

lucius junius brutus
509 BCE

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36
Q

what was the roman Republic?

A

mixed constitution consisting of executive magistrates, an advisory senate drawn from the wealthy citizens, and popular assemblies

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37
Q

what were roman magistracies?

A

advisory senate of wealthy citizens

38
Q

2 types of roman magistracies

A

junior and senior

39
Q

who were the senior magistracies?

A

consuls, praetors, and censors

40
Q

what roman magistracie had executive power over the army>

A

consul

41
Q

what roman magistracies administered the law?

A

praetors

42
Q

what roman magistracies took census, reviewed citizen body, and awarded contracts ?

A

censors

43
Q

what are the junior magistracies?

A

quaestors, aediles, and tribunes

44
Q

what roman magistracie administered the finances of the republic?

A

quaestors

45
Q

what roman magistracie administered the city, roads, and temples?

A

aediles

46
Q

what roman magistrie veto legislation, convenve senate, help citizens?

A

tribunes

47
Q

executive power

A

imperium

48
Q

what is a “fasces”?

A

bundle of sticks containing an axe that symbolized the executive power of the magistracies

49
Q

dico

A

to speak

50
Q

what does “comitia centuriata” mean?

A

assembled by centuries

51
Q

what does “comitia tributa” mean?

A

citizens assembling in tribes

52
Q

how many votes do the richest people get?

A

80

53
Q

how many votes do the second richest people get?

A

18

54
Q

how many votes do proletarians get?

A

1

55
Q

what was the roman senate?

A

made up of ex-magistrates. discussed and decided all issues of foreign and domestic policies. did not have legislative authority. responsible for discussing and drafting the laws to be proposed to the assembly.

56
Q

who were citizens in rome?

A

not enslaved people. women but they couldn’t vote. mostly rich men

57
Q

word for the roman army

A

exercitus

58
Q

word for colonies in rome

A

coloniae

59
Q

what does “foedera” mean?

A

treaties

60
Q

latin word for free tributary states

A

municipia

61
Q

latin word for client patron relationship with other tribes

A

clientia

62
Q

who was julius caesar?

A

100-44 BCE. popular leader. politician.

63
Q

who was a part of the first triumvirate?

A

julius caesar, pompey, crassus

64
Q

what did Caesar do?

A

entered italy with army and starts civil war with pompey. pompey fled to egypt and was beheaded. JC appointed dictator for life.

65
Q

meaning of the phrase “dictator perpeteus”

A

dictator for life. julius caesar. 45 BCE.

66
Q

who was a part of the second triumvirate

A

octavian (augustus), mark antony (supporter of JC), Lepidus

67
Q

who was the first emperor of rome?

A

octavian

68
Q

what did the second triumvirate do?

A

civil war broke out between octavian and antony. octavian defeats antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 BCE.

69
Q

what was the Principate?

A

first period of roman empire. dyarchy (government power shared between emperor and senate).

70
Q

what was the golden age of rome?

A

Augustus. 27 BCE-14 CE.

71
Q

what was pax Romana

A

golden age of rome

72
Q

what did augustus do?

A

promoted himself as the restorer of traditional roman values, restores Republic, sponsors literature, transforms physical city and architecture,

73
Q

roman word for law

A

lex

74
Q

latin definition of law

A

contract, set form of words, a binding agreement

75
Q

who was princeps

A

augustus

76
Q

what was the Corpus Iuris Civilis
?

A

great legal code. purpose was to preserve law for prosperity abd assist education of law students. consisted of four main sections

77
Q

greek base “reg”

A

to rule, direct

78
Q

how did hellenistic monarchy relate to modern monarchy?

A

use of crown (corona), diadem, developement of court of advisers, conferment of rank and title such as Prince (princeps), and the idea of the divine right of kings

79
Q

what does “ostracize” mean?

A

voting by broken pottery shards

80
Q

what were magistracies?

A

replacement for king in the roman republic. power limited by principals of collegiality, accountability, and time

81
Q

what were “plebians”

A

immigrants from surrounding tribes

82
Q

what were patricians? `

A

founding fathers of the state

83
Q

from what magistracy does the english derivative “consulate” come from?

A

consul

84
Q

from which magistracy does the english derivative “ pretoria” come from?

A

praetor

85
Q

from which magistracy does the english derivative “question” come from?

A

quaestor

86
Q

from which magistracy does the english derivative “edifice” come from?

A

aedile

87
Q

from which magistracy does the english derivative “censorship” come from?

A

censor

88
Q

from which magistracy does the english derivative “tribunal” come from

A

tribune

89
Q

how was the population of rome classified?

A

according to wealth

90
Q

class 1 requirements

A

100,000 asses, helmet, shield, greaves, breat plate, sword, spear

91
Q

equites/ equestrian class or knight requirements

A

10,000 asses and 2000 asses for feed

92
Q

class 2 requirements

A

75000 asses

93
Q

class 3 requirements

A

50000 asses

94
Q

class 4 requirements

A

25000 asses, sword, spear

95
Q

class 5 requirements

A

11000 asses, slings and stones

96
Q
A

latin & greek classics 101 (13 decks)

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