Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology IPAP > Slide set 6 > Flashcards

Slide set 6 Flashcards

1
Q

HTN is

A

CV syndrome that may change function and structure of the heart and vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary HTN is

A

AKA Essential HTN and has unknown etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary HTN is

A

HTN that has a definable cause and can possibly be cured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classifications of HTN (5)

A

Pre-HTN HTN (Stage I and II) HTN Crisis (Urgency/Emergency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 elements to HTN

A

Heart, BVs, Kidneys, and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DX of HTN is based on consistent elevation of

A

SBP >140 -OR- DBP>90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Resistant HTN is based upon what

A

Consisttent BP elevation despite Rx adherence with 3 drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What contributes to rises in BP

A

Heart - CO rises sue to SNS BVs - contrict due to SNS, Tone, Ion channels Kidney - Retaining H2O or NA+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is considered HTN end organ damage

A

Eyes, Kidneys, Strokes/TIAs, Heart, PAD/PVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary has the same consequences as primary HTN?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factors suggesting secondary HTN (5)

A

Age of onset (20-50) Severity (Dramatic) Onset nature (usually abrupt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(MC’s) causing secondary HTN

A

1.CKD 2.Primary aldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with renovascular DZ - labs

A

GFR, U/S, Creatinine, UA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with Pheochromocytoma - labs

A

24hr UA Metanephrines/catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with aldosteronism - labs

A

24H urine aldosterone (>25:1 - serum:ua) Unprovoked hypokalemia May see a U-wave on EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with Cushings syndrome - labs

A

Dexamethasone suppression test 24H UA cortisol levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with Sleep Apnea - labs

A

Sleep study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with Coarctation of the aorta - labs

A

CT angiography (Pulse in UE, delayed LE pulse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with Thyroid - labs

A

TSH, FT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Screening for 2nd HTN with Parathyroidism - labs

A

Serum PTH and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The kidneys are

A

Selfish, they will kill the body to save themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2nd HTN - renal artery stenosis is

A

Narrowing of one or both renal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What two mechanisms cause renal artery stenosis

A

Atherosclerosis 2/3 of pts Fibromuscular dysplasia 1/3 of pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOA of renal stenosis and HTN

A

Decreased renal blood flow stimulates RAAS to increase retention,volume,BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an indicator of Bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

Creatinine rise after admin ACEI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MOA of ACEI

A

Stops ANG II and bradykinin synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MOA of ARB

A

Blocks ANG II binding to AT1 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Classic findings of Coarcation of the aorta

A

Systolic HTN in UE but not in LE CXR has rib notching Reduced femoral pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

MOA coarctation of the aorta

A

Impaired blood flow distal to coarctation causes renal perfusion impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pheochromocytoma classic triad

A

Episodic HA Sweating Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pheochromocytoma is a

A

Catecholamine secreting tumor found in the adrenal medulla usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pheochromocytoma is associated with what mutations

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 2A/2B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hyperaldosteronism is

A

Excessive aldosterone secretion causing increased NA+ retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What causes increased aldosteronism (3)

A

Adrenal adenoma (Conn Syndrome)(most pts) Bilateral hyperplasia (Primary) Renin-secreting tumors (Secondary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cushing syndrome is

A

Excess glucocorticoids (Cortisol) that leads to increased blood volume and renin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cushings disease refers to

A

Pituitary adenoma which secretes ACTH in excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hyperthyroidism causes HTN by

A

Excess metabolic activity causes increased cardiac activity (HR) and then (CO)

38
Q

Hypothyroidism causes HTN by

A

Volume retention (>DBP usually)

39
Q

Hyperparathyroidism due to

A

A parathyroid secreting adenoma secreting excess calcium effecting renal fx and causing HTN

40
Q

Medications that can cause HTN (6)

A

Estrogens Corticosteroids EPO

41
Q

Cocaine/Amphetamines can cause

A

Acute HTN - HTN crisis or emergency - AMI

42
Q

BP measuring criteria

A

2 readings 5m apart with arm at heart level Confirm elevated BP in contralateral arm If BP is high in both arms and pt is <30yo -leg BP If pt is >65, DM, or antiHTN rx check orthostatics

43
Q

BP documenting criteria

A

BP, patient position, which arm and cuff size

44
Q

Ambulatory monitoring indications

A

White coat HTN & no end organ damage Episodic HTN HOTN symptoms on HTN meds

45
Q

What association is there between BP, Sleep, CV risk

A

Absence of 10-20% drop of BP during sleep may indicate CV risk

46
Q

When to check BP with pts that have NL BP

A

Every two years

47
Q

When to check BP with pts that are pre-HTN

A

Yearly

48
Q

What dx test can you consider with resist-HTN

A

CXR, 24H Ambulatory monitor, Echocardiography, microalbuminuria

49
Q

TXT goals for >60yo - >150/90

A

Med to reduce BP to <150/90 (if <140 and tolerated - no change to med)

50
Q

TXT goals for <60yo - >140/90

A

Med to reduce BP to <140/90

51
Q

TXT goals for >18yo with CKD or DM - >140/90

A

Med to reduce BP to <140/90

52
Q

HTN TXT for nonpharm

A

Weight loss – decrease in BP 5-20mmHg DASH Diet- decrease in BP 8-14 mmHg Na+ restriction – Decrease in BP 2-8 mmHg Exercise – decrease in BP 4-9 mmHg Mod ETOH Intake – decrease in BP 2-4 mmHg

53
Q

Can you use ACEI or ARB in pregnancy

A

NO

54
Q

What does an ACEI do to K+

A

Increase K+ (adding loop diuretic helps)

55
Q

Thiazide lab monitoring

A

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia

56
Q

Loop diuretcs lab monitoring

A

Monitor lytes (k, Mg decrease)

57
Q

ACEI/ARB lab monitoring

A

Kidney fx and hyperkalemia

58
Q

Aldosterone lab monitoring

A

Hyperkalemia

59
Q

Thiazides drugs (3)

A

Chlorthalidone Hydrochlorothiazide Indapamide

60
Q

TXT of heart failure is based upon if

A

HF is systolic or diastolic in nature

61
Q

Pharm TXT of Post MI is

A

B-BLK or ACEI

62
Q

Pharm TXT of HTN urgency is

A

α agonist (Clonidine)

63
Q

Pharm TXT of BPH is

A

α antagonist (-zosins)

64
Q

Pharm TXT of cardiac issues with pregnancy is

A
  1. Methyldopa or Labetolol 2. Nifedipine (can be added as 2nd line)
65
Q

Pharm TXT of CHF is

A

Combo A/B-BLK (Labetalol or carvedilol)

66
Q

α agonists (clonidine) SEs (2)

A

Dry mouth and Rebound HTN

67
Q

Pharm TXT for pts who fail everything else

A

Hydralazine and minoxidil

68
Q

Renin blocker example

A

Aliskiren

69
Q

Pts requiring >3 drugs for HTN treatment should be

A

Referred to HTN specialist Nephrologist Cardiologist Endocrin

70
Q

What are the two categories of HTN crisis

A

Urgency or Emergency

71
Q

HTN crisis refers to

A

Severely elevated BP

72
Q

HTN urgency refers to

A

Severely elevated BP in an asymptomatic pt without end organ damage

73
Q

Timeline for TXT of HTN urgency is

A

PO Therapy within hours/days and F/U monitoring

74
Q

End Organ damage is usually evident when BP is

A

> 130 DBP

75
Q

HTN emergency refers to

A

Severely elevated BP with end organ damage

76
Q

Timeline for TXT of HTN emergency is

A

Therapy immediately and ADMIT

77
Q

HTN crisis etiology

A

prolonged inadequate control of chronic HTN with a hemodynamic insult

78
Q

HTN crisis pathophys

A

Severe elevate BP causes Arteriolar fibrinoid necrosis causing endothelial damage and PLT/Fibrin despostion leading to ischemia

79
Q

HTN crisis labs

A

UA, CMP, CBC, CXR, EKG

80
Q

In HTN crisis if BP is reduced too rapidly what can occur

A

End-Organ ischemia due to compensatory effects

81
Q

Goal of TXT in HTN crisis is to reduce MAP by

A

20-25% and <100 DBP

82
Q

HTN emergency requires (5)

A

ICU admit Parenteral Meds Continuous cardiac monitoring Invasive (radial

83
Q

HTN urgnecy TXT in a pt already on anti-HTN (3)

A

Increase dose of current med or add another Check adherence Add diuretic and reinforce dietary Na+ restricts

84
Q

HTN urgency management/pharm

A

Goal is to reduce BP <160/100 -F/U w/ long acting PO Furosemide PO Clonidine

85
Q

HTN Emergency management/pharm

A

Parenteral Labetalol

86
Q

Labetalol cannot be used in what two cardiac D/Os

A

Cocaine intoxication and Decomp Systolic HF

87
Q

HTN Emergency (Aortic dissection) management/pharm

A

Goal in acute dissection is BP <140/110 Morphine for pain IV labetaolol or Esmolol

88
Q

HTN Emergency (Pulmonary edema) management/pharm

A

Goal is by reduction by 20-30%, diuresis IV Nitroglycerin (1st line) IV Nicardipine (favors systolic dysfunction)

89
Q

HTN Emergency (Cocaine/meth abuse) management/pharm

A

Initial TXT is benzodiazepine IV Lorazepam IV Diazepam

90
Q

HTN Emergency (AMI) management/pharm

A

Goal 20-30% reduction of SBP >160 IV nitroglycerin (1st line) IV or PO Metoprolol

91
Q

HTN Emergency (Neurologic ER) management/pharm

A

Get emergency CT scan to determine DX first

Cardiology IPAP (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions