Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology IPAP > Slide set 1 > Flashcards

Slide set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic pressure changes usually associated with

A

Increased RR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of things can change Total blood volume

A

Bleed, dehydration, blood donations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Increased diastolic pressure equals

A

Lower compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What Does PDA feed

A

Part of septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

AV valves is closed during what phase

A

Systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is Ejection fraction a direct measurement

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is afterload related to

A

Peripheral vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SA node PsNS stimulation causes

A

decreased HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Right ventricle transfers deoxy blood to where via what valve

A

Pulmonary system - Pulmonic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is ventricle irritability esentially referring to

A

Arrythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are ostia

A

Small openings of the L-R coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do we have control over Frank starling mechanism of compensation?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What stimulation can cause ventricle irritability

A

Sympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Purpose of papillary muscles

A

Keeps orifice closed during systle and keeps them from regurging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What connects AV valves to ventricles

A

Paillary muscles and chordae tendinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the primary measurement of heart fx

A

Cardiac Output (ejection fraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A dilated heart can and cants

A

Can accept more volume but cant push out as much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Afterload is

A

the force which the LV must pump against

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Blood supply of heart (4)

A

RCA, LAD, LCX, PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Arterial baroreceptors causes the heart rate to

A

Decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many papillary chordae are in L-Vent

A

2 (sheets of fiber)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ventricular dilation is caused by

A

Chronic high preload or Chronic increase in Left EDV/EDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Atrial kick represents

A

Both atria contracting at the end of diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

L-atrium transfers O2 blood to L-Ventricle via what valve

A

Mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is normal ejection fraction

A

55-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

EF equals

A

SV divided by EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Lower end diastolic pressure equals

A

More compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

L-Vent transfers O2 blood out into the body via what valve

A

Aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What 3 mechanisms contribute to HR reg

A

ANS Brainbridge reflex to atrial stretch Thoracic pressures with respiration and venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What increases myocardial contractility (3)

A

Adrenergic nervous system Catecholamines POS inotropic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Chronic stimulation of the SNS results in

A

Down regulation of adrenergic receptors causing less of an effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Another name for mitral valve is

A

Bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

S4 occurs just before what heart sound

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ventricular dilation initially does what to CO but then changes

A

Initally increases CO (per Frank Starling) but then decreases CO eventually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the RCA feed

A

Inferior wall of left ventricle Right atrium - ventricle Part of septum SA (Most patients) and AV node PDA (Right dom flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

SympatheticNS originates where

A

Thoracic 1-5 ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Right ventricle ejects deoxy blood into pulmonary system during what phase

A

Systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What factors determine afterload

A

Aortic pressure Volume of the ventricular cavity to include wall thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Right atria accepts deoxygenated blood from

A

SVC, IVC, and Coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does the LAD feed

A

Part of septum Bundle branches Bulk of left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

AV valves is open during what phase

A

Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The volume and thickness of ventricular cavity is follows whatprinciple

A

The law of laplace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A hypertrophy heart can and cants

A

Can push out better but can’t accept as much volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How many cusps do Semilunar valves have

A

3 cusps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Atria PsNS stimulation causes

A

decreased contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

After all Coronary artery feed zones established what supplies the rest of the heart?

A

RCA and LCX (generally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the big player of CO

A

Left Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Both atria correlates with what ABNL sound

A

S4 (atrial gallop)

49
Q

Brainbridge reflex physiology

A

Atria stretching causes baroreceptors to increase HR so that blood may be redistributed

50
Q

What indirect method can we use for preload measurement

A

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with Right heart cath

51
Q

AV Node PsNS stimulation causes

A

decreased velocity

52
Q

What can you often hear durinf an MI

A

Mitral regurgitation

53
Q

The Law of Laplace says

A

Afterload increases : SV and CO decreases

54
Q

Ejection fraction is not the same thing as what

A

SV

55
Q

Left atrium accepts O2 blood from where

A

Pulmonary system via 4 pulmonary veins

56
Q

Semilunar valves are open during what phase

A

Systole

57
Q

What are the 2 names of semilunar valves

A

Aortic valve and Pulmonary valve

58
Q

What decreases myocardial contractility (4)

A

NEG inotropic drugs Some Anti-arrythmics CCBs and B-BLKs

59
Q

Preload is

A

the load that causes ventricular wall tension prior to contraction at the end of diastole

60
Q

Do we have control over sympathetic stimulation compensatory mechansim?

A

Yes - some (meds)

61
Q

Example Positive inotropic drugs

A

Digoxin Isoproterenol Dopamine Dobutamine Caffeine

62
Q

Chronic overload of the hear results in

A

Dilation

63
Q

Disadvantages of ventricular hypertophy

A

Increased stiffness and increased myocardial O2 demand

64
Q

Mitral valve has how many leaflets

A

2 (Anteromedial and Posterolateral)

65
Q

MUGA stands for

A

Multi-gated acquisition

66
Q

What are the 2 names of Semilunar valves

A

Aortic valve and Pulmonic valve

67
Q

When does the coronary arteries fill

A

During Diastole (Low pressure backwash)

68
Q

Thoracic pressure physiology

A

Rib cage expands (Diaphragm moves down) Lowers Thoacic P and Rises ABD P Increased ABD P increases venous return

69
Q

AV correspond to what heart sound

A

S1 (Lub)

70
Q

Semilunar valves are close during what phase

A

Diastole

71
Q

Disadvantages of ventricular dilation

A

Increased wall stress (per LaPlace) Increased myocardial O2 demand

72
Q

Compliance reflects

A

Diastolic ventricular pressure

73
Q

Some anti-arrythmic drugs

A

Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide

74
Q

What valves are in time with carotid pulses

A

AV valves

75
Q

Right atria transfers deoxy blood to Right ventricle via what valve

A

Tricuspid

76
Q

L-Vent SV is inversely related to what

A

Afterload

77
Q

Chronic compensatory mechanisms (2)

A

Ventricular hypertrophy Ventricular Dilation

78
Q

What type of receptors are innervated through SNS stimulation

A

?eta-1 receptors

79
Q

A tear or ischemia of the papillary muscle can cause

A

Regurgitation

80
Q

Standing position causes what to venous return

A

Decreases it

81
Q

Aortic pressure is influenced by

A

Blood volume and peripheral vascular resistance

82
Q

What is normal thickness of L-Vent muscle

A

8-15mm (3x the size of RV)

83
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

Deliver O2 blood to tissues

84
Q

Cardiac Output is measured as

A

Total blood volume per minute

85
Q

SV equals

A

EDV - ESV

86
Q

Frank Starling mechansims suggests

A

More stretch of myocytes the more capable force to a limit

87
Q

CO equals

A

SV x HR

88
Q

Methods EF is determined (3)

A

Nuclear ventriculography (MUGA) Echocardiography MRI

89
Q

Ventricular hypertrophy is caused by

A

Chronic contraction against high afterload

90
Q

SV is

A

Volume of blood ejected with each contraction

91
Q

What allows for beat to beat compensation of the heart?

A

Frank Starling compensatory mechanism

92
Q

What are the 2 names of AV valves

A

Tricuspid and Mitral

93
Q

What method can use use for direct measurement of preload

A

Left heart catherization

94
Q

Semilunar valves correspond to what heart sound

A

S2 (Dub)

95
Q

Where does the cardiac plexus meet

A

Near Aortic arch

96
Q

ANS regulates what

A

Rate, Conductivity speed, Force

97
Q

What does LCX feed

A

SA node & PDA (Left dom flow) (Not predom) Lateral and part of posterior wall of LV

98
Q

Ejection fraction physiologically represents

A

Fraction of EDV ejected from ventricle each systolic contraction

99
Q

What are the names of Aortic valve cusps

A

Right cornary cusp, Left cornary cusp, and Noncoronary cusp

100
Q

Increase preload you increase what?

A

Stroke volume (per Frank Starling mech)

101
Q

Major compnents of preload (4)

A

Total blood volume Distribution of blood volume Atrial contraction Heart compliance

102
Q

Increased preload leads to

A

V-con or increased volume Increased contractility increasing SV

103
Q

Preload is measured with what values

A

Ventricular end diastolic volume (VEDV) Ventricular end diastolic pressure (VEDP)

104
Q

CO and HR are inversely or directly proporational

A

Directly proportional

105
Q

SA node SNS stimulation causes

A

Increased HR

106
Q

Ventricle SNS stimulation causes

A

Increased contractility and conduction speed

107
Q

Acute compensatory mechanisms (2)

A

Frank Starling mechanism Sympathetic Stimulation

108
Q

Aortic pressure is also known as

A

The resistance against which the Ventricles must contract or mean blood pressure

109
Q

Tricuspid valve corresponds to what chambers

A

RA and RV

110
Q

Atria SNS stimulation causes

A

Increased contractility and conduction speed

111
Q

Gold standard of determinging EF is

A

Cardiac cath (invasive)

112
Q

CO is affected by (4)

A

Preload, afterload, Myocardial contractility and HR

113
Q

AV Node SNS stimulation causes

A

increased conduction speed

114
Q

Mitral valve corresponds to what chambers

A

LA and LV

115
Q

What nerve is used for parasympathetic innervation

A

Vagus nerve

116
Q

Acute compensatory SNS innervation results in

A

Increased HR or contractility

117
Q

How do semilunar valves close

A

After ventricles eject into great vessels backward pressure catches the cusps and closes them

118
Q

Is there ventricle PsNS innervation

A

NO

Cardiology IPAP (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions