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Cardiology IPAP > General review test 1 > Flashcards

General review test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What borders the heart laterally

A

Lungs

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2
Q

Superior to inferior - Posterior border formed by

A

Left ventricle and part of IVC

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3
Q

What borders the Anterior heart

A

The sternum and Left costal cartilages 3-5

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4
Q

PMI in a normal adult is located at

A

Mitral area

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5
Q

S3 can be normal in who

A

Young adults and children

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6
Q

The PMI with cardiac enlargement is visible at

A

Lateral to left MCL

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7
Q

S3 and S4 sounds like a

A

Dull, low pitched sound

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8
Q

ABNL sounds to hear for in aortic area

A

Stenosis and aortic aneurysm pulsations

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9
Q

What happens if Pericardial fluid is too little

A

Pericarditis

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10
Q

Parietal pericardium is composed of

A

Thick fibrous tissue and creates a sack

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11
Q

Normal quanity of pericardial fluid

A

10-20cc

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12
Q

S2 physiology

A

Aortic and Pulmonary artery pressures exceed ventricular pressure forcing APV to close

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13
Q

What pericardial layer is synonymous with epicardium

A

Viseral layer (outer layer of the heart)

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14
Q

Superior to inferior - Anterior border formed by

A

Pulmonary trunk & right ventricle

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15
Q

Pulmonic area sounds heard best

A

Pulmonic valve and pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Tricuspid area sounds best heard

A

Tricuspid valve and right ventricle

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17
Q

ABNL S3 sound general charcteristics

A

During diastole just after S2 - ventricles fill fast (SLOSH-ing-in S123)

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18
Q

Mitral area is directly over

A

Left ventricle (aka apical area or apex)

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19
Q

Pathologic S3 indicates and referred as what

A

Volume overload (CHF or MI) - AKA ventricular gallop

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20
Q

S2 sound represents

A

Closure of APV, Onset of Diastole

21
Q

Whats the location of the pulmonic area

A

LUSB - 2L ICS

22
Q

Aortic area sounds heard best

A

Aortic valve and the aorta heard best

23
Q

ABNL S4 sound general charcteristics

A

Late in diastole just before S1 - atria contract against stiff non-compliant ventricles (A-stiff-wall S412)

24
Q

S2 physiologic splitting is due to

A

Inspiration - lowers thoracic pressure - more IVC/SVC blood enters (Increasing venous return into Right ventricle) - this takes longer to empty causing delay in pulmonic valve

25
Q

S2 Physiological splitting best heard

A

Pulmonic region between 2nd and 2rd ICS at LSB

26
Q

ERB’s point sounds best heard

A

Aortic and pulmonic origins

27
Q

What happens if Pericardial fluid is too much

A

Affects right atrium and relaxation of the atrium

28
Q

ABNL sounds of ERB’s point

A

Aortic insufficiency and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

29
Q

Whats the location of the aortic area

A

RUSB - 2R ICS

30
Q

Which chamber sits most anterior in the chest

A

Right ventricle

31
Q

What space is the heart located in

A

the mediastinum

32
Q

What borders the heart superiorly

A

Ascending aorta and SVC

33
Q

S1 Physiology

A

Ventricle contraction causes pressure to exceed atrium pressure forcing MTV to close

34
Q

Superior to inferior - Right heart border formed by

A

SVC & Right atrium

35
Q

Whats the location of Mitral area

A

Medial to the L-MCL 5ICS

36
Q

Sustained PMI impulse is significant for

A

LVH

37
Q

Whats the location of ERBs point

A

LSB - 3L ICS

38
Q

Pericardium is compsed of what 2 layers

A

Visceral and parietal layers

39
Q

How much of the heart is to the left of the midline

A

2 thirds

40
Q

The heart anatomy is rotated and tilted how

A

Rotated to the left and tilted forward

41
Q

S1 sound represents

A

Closure of MTV, Onset of systole

42
Q

Whats the location of Tricuspid Area

A

LLSB

43
Q

Which chamber sits most posterior in the chest

A

Left Atrium

44
Q

ABNL sounds to hear for in Pulmonic area

A

Pulmonary regurgitation

45
Q

What borders the Posterior heart

A

Descending aorta, Esophagus, trachea

46
Q

Where is S4 best heard

A

APEX while pt in left lateral decubitus position

47
Q

Whats the location of PMI

A

Just medial to L-MCL (4-5th ICS)

48
Q

Where does pericardial fluid come from

A

Vascular space

49
Q

Superior to inferior - Left heart border formed by

A

Aortic knob, Pulmonary trunk, LA appendage, LV, apex

Cardiology IPAP (20 decks)

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