General review test 1 Flashcards
What borders the heart laterally
Lungs
Superior to inferior - Posterior border formed by
Left ventricle and part of IVC
What borders the Anterior heart
The sternum and Left costal cartilages 3-5
PMI in a normal adult is located at
Mitral area
S3 can be normal in who
Young adults and children
The PMI with cardiac enlargement is visible at
Lateral to left MCL
S3 and S4 sounds like a
Dull, low pitched sound
ABNL sounds to hear for in aortic area
Stenosis and aortic aneurysm pulsations
What happens if Pericardial fluid is too little
Pericarditis
Parietal pericardium is composed of
Thick fibrous tissue and creates a sack
Normal quanity of pericardial fluid
10-20cc
S2 physiology
Aortic and Pulmonary artery pressures exceed ventricular pressure forcing APV to close
What pericardial layer is synonymous with epicardium
Viseral layer (outer layer of the heart)
Superior to inferior - Anterior border formed by
Pulmonary trunk & right ventricle
Pulmonic area sounds heard best
Pulmonic valve and pulmonary artery
Tricuspid area sounds best heard
Tricuspid valve and right ventricle
ABNL S3 sound general charcteristics
During diastole just after S2 - ventricles fill fast (SLOSH-ing-in S123)
Mitral area is directly over
Left ventricle (aka apical area or apex)
Pathologic S3 indicates and referred as what
Volume overload (CHF or MI) - AKA ventricular gallop
S2 sound represents
Closure of APV, Onset of Diastole
Whats the location of the pulmonic area
LUSB - 2L ICS
Aortic area sounds heard best
Aortic valve and the aorta heard best
ABNL S4 sound general charcteristics
Late in diastole just before S1 - atria contract against stiff non-compliant ventricles (A-stiff-wall S412)
S2 physiologic splitting is due to
Inspiration - lowers thoracic pressure - more IVC/SVC blood enters (Increasing venous return into Right ventricle) - this takes longer to empty causing delay in pulmonic valve
S2 Physiological splitting best heard
Pulmonic region between 2nd and 2rd ICS at LSB
ERB’s point sounds best heard
Aortic and pulmonic origins
What happens if Pericardial fluid is too much
Affects right atrium and relaxation of the atrium
ABNL sounds of ERB’s point
Aortic insufficiency and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Whats the location of the aortic area
RUSB - 2R ICS
Which chamber sits most anterior in the chest
Right ventricle
What space is the heart located in
the mediastinum
What borders the heart superiorly
Ascending aorta and SVC
S1 Physiology
Ventricle contraction causes pressure to exceed atrium pressure forcing MTV to close
Superior to inferior - Right heart border formed by
SVC & Right atrium
Whats the location of Mitral area
Medial to the L-MCL 5ICS
Sustained PMI impulse is significant for
LVH
Whats the location of ERBs point
LSB - 3L ICS
Pericardium is compsed of what 2 layers
Visceral and parietal layers
How much of the heart is to the left of the midline
2 thirds
The heart anatomy is rotated and tilted how
Rotated to the left and tilted forward
S1 sound represents
Closure of MTV, Onset of systole
Whats the location of Tricuspid Area
LLSB
Which chamber sits most posterior in the chest
Left Atrium
ABNL sounds to hear for in Pulmonic area
Pulmonary regurgitation
What borders the Posterior heart
Descending aorta, Esophagus, trachea
Where is S4 best heard
APEX while pt in left lateral decubitus position
Whats the location of PMI
Just medial to L-MCL (4-5th ICS)
Where does pericardial fluid come from
Vascular space
Superior to inferior - Left heart border formed by
Aortic knob, Pulmonary trunk, LA appendage, LV, apex
