slide 3

Question 1

Of any element carbon has the greatest “flexibility”

in forming molecules

Answer 1

All living organisms are made up of chemicals
based mostly on the element carbon.
*

Question 2

Organic chemistry

Answer 2

is the study of carbon

compounds.

Question 3

forms of pure carbon

Answer 3

diamond,
graphite,
buckballs/buckytubes

Question 4

Carbon atoms can form diverse
molecules by bonding to up to four
other atoms.

Answer 4

Carbon has four valence electrons.
The electron configuration of carbon gives it
covalent capability with many different elements

Question 5

Formation of Bonds with Carbon

Answer 5

CO2,

urea

Question 6

A carbon skeleton is the basis of organic compounds.

Carbon skeletons can vary in:

Answer 6

length,
branching,
position of double bonds,
ring structure
*

Question 7

Hydrocarbons

Answer 7

are molecules consisting of only
carbon and hydrogen

They are found as a component of many cellular
organic molecules.

Question 8

Isomers *

Answer 8

are molecules with the same molecular

formula but different structures and properties.

Question 9

Three types of isomers are:

*

Answer 9

1. Structural isomers
2. Geometric isomers
3. Enantiomers

Question 10

Structural isomers

Answer 10

differ in arrangements of atoms.

Possibilities increase with size of the carbon skeleton

Question 11

Geometric isomers have

Answer 11

the same covalent
partnerships, but differ in spatial arrangements
around a double bond.

These include cis and trans geometries with
different biological properties.

Question 12

Enantiomers are

Answer 12

mirror images of each other.

This difference is important in pharmaceuticals

Question 13

Functional groups*

Answer 13

are the parts of molecules

involved in chemical reactions

Question 14

Functional groups are

Answer 14

“additions” to a carbon

skeleton in an organic molecule

Question 15

Six functional groups are important to life:*

Answer 15

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino,

Sulfhydryl, Phosphate

Question 16

Estrogen and

testosterone

Answer 16

are both
steroids, differing only
in functional groups.

Question 17

Hydroxyl groups

Answer 17

are polar, can form hydrogen bonds

with water and help dissolve organic molecules

Question 18

Carboxyl groups act

Answer 18

as an acid because the covalent

bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar

Question 19

Amino groups

Answer 19

act as bases

Question 20

Two sulfhydryl groups

Answer 20

can react to

form a cross-linking covalent bond.

Question 21

Phosphate groups

Answer 21

can react

with water, releasing energy.