sleep & rest

Question 1

age-related changes

Answer 1

• reduced time in deep sleep
• reduced time spent dreaming
• increased time in light sleep

Question 2

risk factors

Answer 2

pain, nocturia
beliefs, attitudes or myths
anxiety, depression
adverse med effects
pathologic conditions
- obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
- restless leg syndrome (RLS)
- nocturnal myoclonus
environmental factors

Question 3

(-) functional consequences in OA

Answer 3

• increased time to fall asleep
• being roused from sleep more freq.
• increased difficulty returning to sleep
• increased time in bed w/ reduced sleep
• poorer quality of sleep

Question 4

nursing interventions

Answer 4

teaching about habits for sleep wellness
ex:
- establishing a bedtime ritual
- maintain same daily schedule for waking, resting and sleeping
- refrain from caffeinated or stimulating food and
beverages after 1 pm
- pre-bedtime foods that
promote sleep
- regular physical exercise

environment modifications
- dimly lit and quiet room
- comfy bed

relaxation and mental imagery
teach about med side effects
teach about med side effects
addressing obstructive sleep apnea

Question 5

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 5

primary manifestations
- involuntary cessation of airflow for >10 sec
causes: muscles responsible for holding the throat open relax during sleep and block the passage of air
symptoms:
daytime fatigue
morning headaches diminished mental acuity
loud snoring
punctuated by brief periods of silence

Question 6

OSA cont.

Answer 6

strong link between OSA and:
- hypertension (HTN)
- stroke
- coronary artery disease (CAD)
- arrhythmias

risk factors:
obesity, diabetes, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, craniofacial anatomic features, use of alcohol or medications that depress
the respiratory center, genetic predisposition, and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 7

OSA treatment

Answer 7

“gold standard”
- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)