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NURS 212 > Digestion and Nutrition > Flashcards

Digestion and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

age-related changes in digestion

A
  • less efficient/effective chewing
  • reduced senses of taste and smell
  • reduced saliva production usually r/t med use
    > > anticholinergics
  • slower swallowing
  • slower gastric and intestinal motility
  • degenerative changes affecting digestion
    > > decreased responsiveness of pancreatic beta cells to glucose
  • daily intake: need fewer but higher-quality calories
    > > nutritional density
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2
Q

diminished senses of smell and taste

A
  • affect food enjoyment
  • affected by meds and medical conditions
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3
Q

oral cavity

A
  • decreased saliva production
  • diminished muscle strength
    > > presbyphasia
  • dysphagia is pathological (CVAs)
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4
Q

overall slower propulsion of food

A
  • esophageal stiffening
  • reduced gastric emptying
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5
Q

intestinal tract has reduced blood flow and slower peristalsis

A
  • less effective conversation of food to nutrients, less absorption
  • reduced secretions of mucus in LI
  • reduced perception of rectal wall distension
  • decreased elasticity of rectal wall
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6
Q

liver, pancreas, gallbladder

A
  • reduced blood flow to liver
  • decreased responsiveness of pancreatic beta cells to glucose
  • increased susceptibility to gallstones
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7
Q

age-related changes in nutritional requirements

A
  • calories: need less quantity, better quality
  • muscle mass decline
  • unhealthy abdominal fat distribution increases risk for heart disease and diabetes
  • proportion of body fat to lean tissue increases
  • decreased thirst perception
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8
Q

risk factors affecting digestion and nutrition
– conditions related to oral care

A
  • percentage of OA who are edentulous is gradually diminishing
  • poor oral care
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9
Q

risk factors affecting digestion and nutrition
– functional impairments and disease processes

A

dysphasia

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10
Q

risk factors affecting digestion and nutrition
– lifestyle factors

A

alcohol and smoking

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11
Q

risk factors affecting digestion and nutrition
– psychosocial factors

A
  • loneliness
  • anxiety
  • stress
  • memory issues
  • depression
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12
Q

risk factors affecting digestion and nutrition
– environmental factors

A
  • noisy/unpleasant setting
  • transportation
  • packaging trends in stores
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13
Q

risk factors affecting digestion and nutrition
– behaviors based on myths and misunderstandings

A
  • lack of roughage
  • advertisements
  • overuse of laxatives
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14
Q

functional consequences affecting digestion and nutrition

A
  • ability to produce, prepare and enjoy food
  • changes in oral function
  • poor nutritional status and weight changes
  • QOL
  • mobility
  • adverse med effects (analgesics)
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15
Q

pathologic conditions
– constipation

A

decrease in normal freq. of defecation accompanied by difficult or incomplete passage of stool and/or passage of excessively hard, dry stool

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16
Q

pathologic conditions
– dysphasia

A
  • difficulty swallowing consequence of a CVA/stroke
  • aspiration is a complication of dysphagia
  • primary indication that aspiration is occurring with swallowing is coughing with oral intake (liquids)
  • aspiration pneumonia
17
Q

pathological condition
- clostridium difficile

A
  • c diff is a bacterium that cause diarrhea
  • diagnosed > stool sampling
    RISK FACTORS
  • recent antibiotics use and prior history of infection
  • frequent cause of hospitalization in the elderly
  • fatality increases w/ age
18
Q

nursing assessment

A
  • interviewing about digestion and nutrition
  • using physical assessment and lab. information
  • observing cues to digestion and nutrition
  • using assessment tools
    > > The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool
19
Q

nursing diagnosis

A

identify problem related to nutrition, digestion and oral health
DIAGNOSIS
- imbalanced nutrition > less than body requirement
- constipation
- impaired oral mucus membrane
- risk for aspiration
- readiness for enhanced nutrition

20
Q

planning for wellness outcomes

A

IMPROVED NUTRITION
- appetite
- bowel elimination
- knowledge: diet, nutritional status, oral health
- self-care: oral hygiene
- sensory function: taste and smell
- swallowing status
- weight: body mass
- constipation: hydration, B.E., med. response and symptom control

21
Q

nursing intervention

A

HEALTH EDUCATION
- optimal nutrition
- disease prevention
- eliminate risk factors that interfere w/ digestion, nutrition and oral health

22
Q

evaluation

A
  • daily nutrient intake that corresponds to metabolic needs
  • achieving/maintaining body weight
  • achieving/maintaining regular B.E.

NURS 212 (23 decks)

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