Heart Failure Flashcards
heart failure risks factors
- CAD
- HTN
- diabetes
- heart valve problems
- heart muscle problems present at birth
- heart muscle problem from infection, toxin, or chronic disease
clinical manifestation
- diminished CO w/ accompanying dizziness, confusion, fatigue, cool extremities
- increased pulmonary venous pressure manifested by cough, SOB
- dysrhythmia
- increased systemic venous pressure evidenced by peripheral edema and weight gain
class I: asymptomatic
cardiac disease
no limitations noted
class II: mild heart failure
some limitation of physical activity
> comfortable at rest
an increase in activity may cause:
- fatigue
- palpitations
- dyspnea
- angina pain
class III: moderate heart failure
marked limitation in physical activity
> comfortable at rest
ordinary walking or climbing of stairs brings on:
- fatigue
- palpitations
- dyspnea
- angina pain
substantial periods of bed rest required
class IV: sever heart failure
almost permanently confined to bed rest
- inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort or severe symptoms
some symptoms at rest:
- chronic SOB common
pharmacological interventions
meds titrated throughout the stages to minimize side effects
- diuretics decrease fluid overload
- vasodilators increase efficient movement of blood O2 & nutrients
- contractility agents increase efficacy of heart muscle
non-pharmacologic intervention
assess need for appropriate aids
- home O2
- thrombo-embolus deterrent TED stocking
monitor worsening of symptoms
- malaise
- syncope
- chest pain
- increased dyspnea
- orthopnea at night (SOB while reclining/laying)
- rapid weight gain ( > 2 kg in 3 days)
measure intake and output
teach pt to adhere to low-sodium diet and fluid restriction
monitor patient response to activity
encourage patient to avoid energy-consuming activities
class III & IV
symptom management
