Sleep disorders + Transient LOC Flashcards

1
Q

specific hormones increase during sleep?

A

growth hormone and melatonin

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2
Q

how many stages of sleep

A

stages 1-4 and REM

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3
Q

what stage does sleepwalking, bedwetting, or terrors occur?

A

stage 3

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4
Q

how much time do children stay in REM sleep?

A

up to 50%

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5
Q

sleep hygiene def

A

practices and habits that are significant to achieve nighttime sleep quality and full daytime alertness.

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6
Q

signs of poor sleep hygiene

A
  1. frequent slepe disturbances
  2. daytime sleepiness
  3. Too long to fall asleep
  4. Poor sleep routine
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7
Q

what sleep questionnaire could you use?

A

Epworth Sleep Scale (over 11 means go see a sleep specialist)

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8
Q

Sleep Deprivation Def

A

Not obtaining adequate total sleep.

Chronic sleep-restricted state they’ll notice excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, clumsiness, and weight gain or weight loss.

Sleep-deprived affects both the brain and cognitive function

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9
Q

common cause for headaches related to sleep?

A

Morning headaches (not sleeping fulfilled

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10
Q

Morning Headaches - What should you be nervous about?

A

High BP, sleep apnea

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11
Q

Definition of short sleeper syndrome

A

consistent under 7 hours of night

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12
Q

Types of Narcolepsy

A
  1. Narcolepsy with Cataplexy

2. Narcolepsy without Cataplexy

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13
Q

Circadian rhythm disorders

A
  1. Jet Lag
  2. Sleep Shift Disorder
  3. Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
  4. Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder
  5. Non-24 Sleep-Wake Disorder
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14
Q

Symptoms of Circadian Rhythm sleep disorders

A
problems falling asleep
daytime sleepiness
headaches
difficulty concentrating
decreased cognitive performance
fatigue
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15
Q

confounders with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS)

A

50% also have depresison

sleeping compensation at other times

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16
Q

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome

A

Circadian rhythm disorders are caused by the body’s internal clock not resetting and adapting to changes in sleeping patterns, or doing so slowly.

17
Q

types of sleep apnea

A

obstruction (OSA)

Central (CSA) - 1:5 cases

18
Q

sleep apnea risks

A
heart attack
high blood pressure
obesity
stroke
diabetes
driving or work related accident
19
Q

sleep apnea def

A
  • Repetitive pauses in breathing during sleep.
  • Frequency?…may occur several times per hour and last for over 10 seconds.
  • In pause -> blood-oxygen levels decrease -> the brain awakens the individual which often leads to a loud gasp or snort.
  • Sleep apnea is associated
20
Q

measuring sleep apnea?

A

Apnea-hypopnea Index (AHI)

21
Q

Effective treatments for Insomnia

A

1.Healthy sleep habits -> maintaining a regular sleep schedule; Creating a conducive sleep environment; Incorporating healthy habits into your lifestyle.

1.Behavioral therapy -> sleep program, restricting time in bed to only when sleepy, relaxation training, reducing anxiety and developing positive attitudes about sleep, etc.

1.Medications -> Hypnotic drugs

2.Wellness therapies -> Nutritional management for caloric control; melatonin, valerian and herbal products

22
Q

First thing to assess with a transient loss of consciousness

A

any cardiac history, then posture, then vaso-vagal, then seizure

23
Q

what happens in orthostatic hypotension

A

systolic BP drops over 20 mmHg after 1-5 mins standing

24
Q

vaso-vagal cause of transient loss of conscious - what to expect

A

under 35, prodrome of sweating and nausea

provoked by pain, fear, warm environment

(these are same data for Seizure)

25
Syncope def
Faiont due to diminisehd CNS function (syncope is a symptom)
26
what does syncope look like?
rapid onset (seconds) w/ loss of consciousness, ita loss of muscle tone (A GRACEFULL FALL) recovery is usually quick and complete awareness gained in seconds to minutes
27
Mechanism of syncope?
hypo-perfusion of brain resulting in transient global cerebral effect
28
Orthostatic Hypotention def...
decrease in systolic bp of 20 mmHg OR a decrease in diastolic BP of 10 mm Hg
29
when does orthostatic hypotension occur?
within three minutes of standing due to inadequate physiologic response to postural changes in blood pressure
30
vasovagal syncope criteria
postural changes prodrome of "graceful fall/greying out" Precipitating factors --> anything that causes a fight/flight episode
31
cardiovascular reflexes are mediated by?
autonomic based and important for establshing BP and controling vasovagal control of blood flow
32
What is Elderly Dysautonomic Pattern?
a slow fall in blood pressure after assuming upright position exacerbated by medication some patients will have immediate postural hypotension that recovers within seconds
33
who to suspect elderly dysautonomic pattern in?
older adults with low bp, history of syncope/falls events after standing for a while may describe postural hypotension symptoms