Parkinsons Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of hypokinetic motor diseases

A
  • expressionless
  • low-tone facial appearance
  • diminished activity initiations
  • slowed execution of motions
  • rigidity
  • may have resting tremor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothyroidism and hypokinesia

A

Thyroid gland cannpt make enough T3 and T4 hormones

Changes in facial tone are seen in hypothyroidism

General s/s

  • brittle skin, hair, nails
  • cold, low mood, energy
  • water retention, hoarse, puff face and feet
  • slowed heart rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Progressive supranuclear palsy and hypokinesia

A

Progressive deterioration of brainstem, c cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia

Onset 40+ years

Features:

  • slowing of vertical saccacdes
  • postural instability (^ falls)
  • symmetric akinesia
  • abnormal neck posture (retrocollis)
  • early dysphagia and dysarthria
  • cognitive impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parkinsons disease and hypokinesia

A

2nd mc neurodegenerative ds after alzheimer’s
-onset 58-62 years

Disease triad

  • bradykinesia
  • rigidity
  • resting tremor

Signs

  • expressionless
  • long latency responses
  • reduced arm swing (checked at side)
  • small font when writing
  • slow speech
  • drooling
  • en-bloc turning
  • fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Multiple system atrophy (MSA)

A

Multiple brain systems are involved and degenerating at the same time
-extrapyramidal (coordination), pyramidal (motor control), cerebellar and autonomic

Patients are clinically classified accoridng to the predominant affecvt

  • motor presentation
  • parkisonian subtype
  • autonomic failure contributed to urinary difficulty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lacunar state and hypokinesia

A

Subcortical infarcts that occur with blockage of a single perforating artewry

When symptomatic:

  • pure motor hemiparesis (MC)
  • ataxic hemiparesis (2nd MC(
  • pur sensory
  • sensorimotor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characteristics of hyperkinetic motor diseases

A
  • dystonia
  • athetosis (slow involuntary writhing movements of head/neck, hands, tongue)
  • chorea (involuntary irregular movements)
  • dyskinesia
  • tics
  • tremor
  • myoclonus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Huntington’s disease and hyperkinesia

A

Genetically programmed degeneration that cuases unctontrolled movements, loss of intellectural faculties, and emotional disturbance

Early s/s

  • mood swings
  • depression
  • irritabiltiy
  • trouble driving
  • trouble learning new things
  • trouble remembering facts or making deciisions

Progresses to: concentration difficulties and issues feeding and swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Commonly occurs after prolonged exposure to neuroleptic agents (e.g. psycholgical meds)

Characteristics: repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements, e.g.:

  • grimacing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering and pursuing, rapid eye blinking
  • rapid movmeents of arms and legs
  • involuntary movmenets of fingers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ballismus

A

Involuntary jerking and flinging of proximal muscles

Can occur with strokes, trauma, MS and subthalamic lesions

“Ballismus” = ballistic

Dystonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dystonia

A

Abnormal tone anywhere with impaired movements

Can occur with Meige’s syndrome, spasmatic torticollic, tardive dystonia, and hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tic

A

Brief twitchy fast, involuntary movemnts

Stereotypical, repetitive and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tremor

A

Repeittive regular oscillatory movement

Irregular contraction of opposing muscles

Usually involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myoclonus

A

the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chorea

A

sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk, or face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Athetosis

A

bizarre, slow, twisting, writhing movement, resembling a snake or worm

17
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Dysfunction with direct/indirect circuits between subcortical regions, thalamus, basal ganglia, and frontal cortex