Sleep disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Stage I of sleep is characterized by?

A
  • theta waves
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2
Q

When one is awake, which two waves predominate on EEG?

A
  • alpha and beta waves
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3
Q

State II of sleep is characterized by?

A
  • k complexes and sleep spindles
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4
Q

Stage III of sleep is characterized by?

A
  • delta waves
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5
Q

Describe how a patient would present in REM sleep

A
  • loss of tone, rapid eye movement, brain is awake but body is paralyzed
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6
Q

Which stage of sleep is where the most restful sleep occurs?

A
  • stage III
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7
Q

Define sleep latency

A
  • the time it takes for the patient to go from awake to stage I of sleep
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8
Q

Define REM latency

A
  • the time it takes for a patient to go from stage III to REM sleep.
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9
Q

Sleep latency is ____ in insomnia

A

increased

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10
Q

REM latency is ____ in narcolepsy

A

decreased

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11
Q

REM latency _____ in the elderly

A

decreases

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12
Q

REM latency ___ in both obstructive sleep apnea and alcohol use.

A

decreases

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13
Q

dreams gone bad in REM; patient will remember the dreams and they are easy to awake

A

nightmares

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14
Q

patient experiences active behaviors while asleep; the patient appears awake but they are asleep

A

night terrors

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15
Q

Nightmares are usually associated with ____ (caused by)

A

some sort of stressor

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16
Q

Treatment for night terrors

A

Reassurance; the child will grow out of it (reassure parents)

17
Q

Define obstructed sleep apnea (OSA)

A

Something causes obstruction or collapse of airway while the patient is sleeping and as a result, they wake up and will not get rested sleep.

  • Being overweight (large neck), large tongue can cause obstruction.
  • In children–> enlarged adenoids can cause this
18
Q

Diagnose of OSA

A

polysomnogram

19
Q

Define central sleep apnea CSA

A
  • patient forgets to breathe during sleep. This can be caused by drugs, like opioids. Patients with COPD or stroke are also at an increased risk.
20
Q

Tx for OSA

A

CPAP

21
Q

Dx of CSA

A

polysomnogram

22
Q

Tx for CSA

A

BIPAP

23
Q

What are the criteria to diagnose narcolepsy?

A
  • Patient needs to experience rapid REM by going right to sleep at least 3x/wk for at least 3 months.
24
Q

___ is loss of tone

A

cataplexy

25
Q

Cataplexy is associated with ___

A

narcolepsy

26
Q

Dx for narcolepsy

A

polysomnogram

27
Q

Tx for narcolepsy

A
  • scheduled naps and or use of amphetamines (to stimulate them to stay awake)
28
Q

What are the criteria to diagnose primary insomnia?

A
  • must have either trouble staying asleep or falling asleep for at least 3x/wk for 6 months.
  • Primary insomnia is not due to another disorder/problem going on.
29
Q

A patient who has jet lag may benefit from ____ therapy

A

phototherapy

30
Q

What are some ways to practice good sleep hygiene?

A
  • use the bedroom for sex and sleep only
  • keep lights off in bedroom
  • avoid stimulants and exercise a couple of hours before bedtime
31
Q

What are some medications used for insomnia?

A
  • diphenhydramine
  • quetiapine
  • trazodone
  • BZD-1, like zolpidem (ambien)
32
Q

Ist line treatment for primary insomnia

A
  • sleep hygiene